Product Design Paper 1

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Mechanical Properties

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54 Terms

1

Mechanical Properties

How a material reacts to an external force

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Physical Properties

The actual make up or structure of the material

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Compressive Strength

Mechanical Property - The ability to withstand being crush or shortened by pushing forces

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Tensile Strength

Mechanical Property - The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces

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Bending Strength

Mechanical Property - The ability to resist forces that bend the material

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Shear Strength

Mechanical Property - The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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Torsional Strength

Mechanical Property - the ability to withstand twisting forces

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Hardness

Mechanical Property - the ability to resist abrasion like scratching

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Toughness

Mechanical Property - the ability to withstand impacting forces without fracture

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Plasticity

Mechanical Property - the ability to be permanently deformed and retain that shape

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Ductility

Mechanical Property - the ability to be drawn into a wire

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Malleability

the ability to withstand deformation through compression

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Elasticity

Mechanical Property - the ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape

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Electrical Conductor

Physical Property - materials that allow an electrical current to flow through it

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Electrical Insulator

Physical Property - a material that doesn’t allow an electrical current to flow through it

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Thermal Conductor

Physical Property - a material that allows the transfer of heat energy

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Thermal Insulator

Physical Property - a material that doesn’t allow the transfer of thermal energy

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Opaque

Physical Property - prevents light from travelling through it

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Translucent

Physical Property - a material that allows light through but diffuses it so that objects seen through it appear blurred - e.g. frosted glass

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Transparent

Physical Property - material that allows light to pass through it

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Density

Physical Property - mass/volume

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Fusibility

Physical Property - the ability for a material to be transferred from a solid to a liquid

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Magnetism

Physical Property - the possession of a natural force which causes the material to be attracted to other ferrous metals

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Corrosion

Physical Property - the ability to be degraded by the environment e.g. through rain

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Ferrous

Metals that contain iron. Usually have high carbon contents, are magnetic and will rest e.g. steel and cast iron

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Non-Ferrous

Metals that don’t contain iron. Not magnetic and don’t rust e.g. zinc and aluminium

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Alloy

A metal made from two or more metals. Ferrous alloys are ones that contain iron (such as steel) while Non-Ferrous alloys are ones that don’t contain iron like bronze

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Hardwood

Wood from deciduous trees - drop their leaves. Slower growing and therefore more expensive but better properties: tighter grain makes it much more durable than soft wood and more resistant to water and pests

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Softwood

Wood from coniferous trees (evergreen and produce cones). Faster growing and therefore cheaper but a loose grain makes it less durable and vulnerable to water and pests

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Manufactured Boards

A man made composite material based from wood. Available in much larger sizes and don’t contain the blemishes of natural wood.

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Purpose of Veneers

Produce the aesthetic of natural wood with the grain but mean the product can have the physical qualities of manufactured boards - available in larger stock forms, cheaper and without natural blemishes.

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Thermoplastics

Polymers that can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled e.g. HIPS and HDPE

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Thermosetting Plastics

Polymers that when heated experience a chemical reaction where the molecules form strong bonds. This means that products using this type of polymer can’t recycled and reshaped. e.g. epoxy resin

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Elastomer

A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then return to its original shape e.g. natural rubber and silicone

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Which polymer is used to create drinks bottles

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

A thermoplastic which means it can be recycled

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36

Why is Aluminium a good material

  • malleable - can easily be formed into shape

  • lightweight - easy to lift and transport

  • non-ferrous - so won’t rust when in contact with the liquid it holds

  • recyclable

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37

Example of a thermosetting polymer

Melamine Formaldehyde - used for kitchen surface tops - won’t be affected by hot pans being placed on it

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