MIL #1

Communication

the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else.

Sender
Receiver
Noise
Feedback
Medium
Message
Encoding Message
Decoding Message

Communication Process:

Communication

the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding.

Sender & Receiver

most important in communication process

Noise

other conversations, distractions

Feedback

response

Medium

channel

1. Verbal Communication
2. Non-verbal Communication

Types of Communication:

a. Oral
b. Written

Types of Verbal Communication

a. Signs
b. Symbols
c. Colors
d. Gestures
e. Body language
f. Facial Expression

Types of Non-verbal Communication

Media

communication tools

Information

data, knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction, signals or symbols.

Information

knowledge of specific events or situations.

Media Literacy

the ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms.

Information Literacy

the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats.

Technology (Digital) Literacy

the ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information.

Languages

a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves.

Media Languages

it pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information, and knowledge.

Codes

a system of signs that give meaning to a particular concept or idea. It sometimes gives extra meaning to the idea or concept.

Semiotics

study of signs

1. Symbolic Codes
2. Written Codes
3. Technical Codes

Types of Codes

Symbolic Codes

refer to objects, setting, body language, clothing and color

Written Codes

also try to identify specific language devices: instruction, adjective, rhetorical question, quote from an expert, etc.

- Headlines
- Captions
- Speech Bubbles
- Punctuation

Types of Written Codes

- Camera angles/shots
- Lighting
- Focus (what elements in the scene are in focus and what are out of focus?)

Types of Technical Codes

Conventions

are generally accepted patterns of code that communicate a particular message.

Conventions

there are general conventions in any medium, such as the use of quotes in a newspaper article.

1. Technical Convention
2. Genre Convention

Types of Convention

Technical Convention

applied to the technical area, such as the length of the television series, films or music videos.

Genre Convention

is usually associated with the type of content. (e.g. musicals, horror films, comedy movies, romance films, and others).

Color

that can evoke one reaction in one person may evoke the opposite reaction in another, due to culture, prior association, or even just personal preference.

• Red
• Orange
• Yellow
• Green
• Blue
• Purple
• Black
• Gray
• White
• Brown
• Tan or Beige
• Cream or Ivory

Meaning of Colors

Passion, Love, Anger

Meaning of Color Red

Energy, Happiness, Vitality

Meaning of Color Orange

Happiness, Hope, Deceit

Meaning of Color Yellow

New Beginnings, Abundance, Nature

Meaning of Color Green

Calm, Responsible, Sadness

Meaning of Color Blue

Creativity, Royalty, Wealth

Meaning of Color Purple

Mystery, Elegance, Evil

Meaning of Color Black

Moody, Conservative, Formality

Meaning of Color Gray

Purity, Cleanliness, Virtue

Meaning of Color White

Nature, Wholesomeness, Dependability

Meaning of Color Brown

Conservative, Piety, Dull

Meaning of Color Tan or Beige

Calm, Elegant, Purity

Meaning of Color Cream or Ivory

• Triangles
• Squares and Rectangles
• Circles and Ovals
• Natural shapes
• Abstract shapes

Meaning of Shapes

mystery, power, religion, law, leader, focus, ambitious, competitive.

Meaning of Triangles

stability, balance, strength, professionalism, efficiency, organized and analytical.

Meaning of Squares and Rectangles

- positive emotional messages, community, love, unity, generosity.

Meaning of Circles and Ovals

- it represents elements from nature and we can see them in real-world as animals, flowers, trees, or leaves, these shapes aren’t formed by angels and points.

Meaning of Natural shapes

Ideas or a simplified version of an organic shape, in some cases abstract shape can be difficult to associate with some ideas due to their abstract anatomy.

Meaning of Abstract shapes

• Horizontal Lines
• Vertical Lines
• Organic / Curve Lines

Meaning of Lines

moving through time, futuristic, and tech saviness.

Meaning of Horizontal Lines

commitment, strength, goals, progress.

Meaning of Vertical Lines

creative, motivating, futuristic, intuitive, expressive.

Meaning of Organic / Curve Lines

Target Audiences

is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other message catered specifically to said intended audience.

Purpose

purpose-driven design achieves the optimal balance between function and aesthetics. It not only looks good, but delivers the intended message effectively and clearly.

Key Content

factor to get the main idea

Form / Style

styles are the way the media interprets. While there is many forms of media, purposely for the target audience, and so present information in the way the audience want to hear it from, whether it’s through a local radio station, to a national news site; it is formed for a specific reason.

Medium / Format

medium of communication (such as newspapers, radio, or television) that is designed to reach the people.

Public Opinion

views prevalent among the general public.

Advocacy

the act of pleading or arguing in favor of something, such as, a cause, policy, or interest; active support of an idea

1. Inform citizens of what is happening (Monitoring Function)
2. Educate the audience (Meaning and Significance of Facts)
3. Provide platform for public discourse (Public Opinion and Expression of Dissent)
4. “Watchdog” role of Journalism
5. Channel for advocacy for political viewpoints

Functions of Communication and Media

Knowledge > Information > Data

Hierarchy among Knowledge, Information and Data

Information Literacy

is a set of abilities that enables an individual to recognize when information is needed; and locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information (The Association of College and Research Libraries).

Ethical Use of Information // true

In this information age, millions of people in the world create and consume information without the knowledge of its proper usage which often leads to misunderstanding or worse, legal sanctions.

Privacy

one example of people who commonly violate others’ privacy is the paparazzi. When the photographs are uploaded online, it is a concrete violation of the celebrities’ privacy.

Accuracy

relates to the correctness of the information source to the details of the information. Dates, places, persons involved and other details are essential data in testing the accuracy of an information source.

Paparazzi

They are independent photographers who take stolen shots of celebrities or public figures while in their personal space.

Plagiarism

a usual problem on the internet these days. Since people have wide access to huge number of information online, it is easy for them to download or copy-paste materials on the web. Often, others do not properly cite or mention their sources.

Interpretation

you must document facts that are not generally known, or ideas that interpret facts.

Common Knowledge

facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be widely known.

Quotation

using someone’s words directly. When you use a direct quote, place the passage between quotation marks.

1. Print Media
2. Broadcast Media
3. Film / Cinema
4. Video Games (Digital Games)
5. New Media

Types of Media

New Media

digital media that are interactive, incorporate two-way communication and involve some form of computing.

Social Media

forms of electronic communication (such as web sites) through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc.

Media Convergence

the process by which previously distinct technologies come together to share tasks and resources.

Technological Convergence

is the tendency that as technology changes, different technological system sometimes evolves toward performing similar tasks

Plagiarize

to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own

Plagiarize

to use (another's production) without crediting the source

Plagiarize

to commit literary theft

Plagiarize

to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.

- failing grade for the assignment
- failing grade for the entire course
- expulsion

Academic Setting/Punishment for Plagiarism:

- most will not tolerate any form of plagiarism.
- lost their jobs or been denied positions
- in journalism, nearly always the end of career.

Institutional Setting/Punishment for Plagiarism:

- misdemeanors punishable by fines of $100 to $50,000 and one year in jail
- felony, if profit made from plagiarism, with fines up to $25,000 and 10 years in jail.

Legal Setting/Punishment for Plagiarism:

Php 50, 000 – Php 150,00 and up to 6 years imprisonment

Punishment for Plagiarism in the Philippines:

Intellectual Property

refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

Part IV, Republic Act 8293 – Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

The law on copyright in the Philippines

Copyright

a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works, books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings.

Piracy

the unauthorized reproduction or use of a copyrighted book, recording, television program, patented invention, trademarked product, etc.

Patent

an exclusive right granted for an invention

Patent

provides the patent owner with the right to decide how or whether the invention can be used by others.

Trademarks

a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.

Industrial Design

constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article

Industrial Design

may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color.

Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin

signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin

Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin

most commonly includes the name of the place of origin of the goods.

Fair Use

means you can use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes

• Commentary
• Criticism
• Reporting
• Research
• Teaching

Fair Use includes:

Netiquette

rules about the proper and polite way to communicate with other people when you are using the internet.

Cybercrime

the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends