electrostatics

4 kinds of forces

strong nuclear force, weak force, gravitational force, electromagnetic

Strong Nuclear Force

force that holds the particles of the nucleus of an atom together.

Short range attractive force that is much larger in magnitude to the gravitational or the electromagnetic forces.

weak force

Force involved in transmutation of particles within the nucleus.

Only observed/viewed in radioactive decay.

Stronger only than the gravitational force.

gravitational force

Attractive force that exists between all objects.

The gravitational force between the Earth and the moon keeps the moon in orbit.

It may be the most evident but it is the weakest of all the forces.

electromagnetic force

Charged particles at rest or in motion exert electric forces on each other.

They give materials their strength, their ability to bend, squeeze, stretch or shatter.

When charged particles are in motion, they produce magnetic forces on each other.

Electric and magnetic forces are both considered to be aspects of this single force.

electrostatics

Study of properties and results of electric charges at rest

atoms are ___ charged

neutrally

Positive charge on the nucleus is ____ by the negative charge of electrons

balanced

An Electron can be ____ from an atom to create a ____ ion

removed, positive

Freed electron

Unattached and Free – Creating a negative charged particle
Attached to an atom – Creating a negative Ion

Charges exert a force on other charges over a _____

distance

Electroscope

Instrument to determine charge

Charge

Fundamental property of matter

Charge Unit

Coulomb (C)

There are ___ C of charge in a typical lightning bolt.

15

charge is analogous to ___ in the mechanical system

mass

Insulators

Materials that inhibit the flow of free charged particles

ex: wood, air, rubber

Conductors

Materials that allow the flow of free charged particles

ex: metal and water

Semiconductors

Intermediate class, conduction between an insulator and conductor

ex: silicon, circuits, tv’s, phones

Charging of Objects (3)

Charging by Friction
Charging by Conduction

Charging by Induction

Charging by Friction

rubbing —> friction

material losing electrons become positively charged. material gaining electrons become negative.

Charging by Conduction

Charging a neutral body by touching it with a charged body

Charging by Induction

Charging a neutral object by bring a charged body close to but not touching the object.

Coulomb’s Law

the size of the electric force between two charged particles depends on the size of the charges and the distance between them.