Lecture B

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Muscle fiber contraction

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18 Terms

1

Muscle fiber contraction

The process of skeletal muscle fibers shortening.

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2

All or none

The principle that muscle fiber contraction occurs fully or not at all.

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3

Graded responses

Different degrees of skeletal muscle shortening produced by changing the frequency of muscle stimulation or the number of muscle cells being stimulated at one time.

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4

Twitch

A single, brief contraction of a muscle fiber.

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5

Tetanus

A series of contractions where one contraction is immediately followed by another, resulting in a sustained muscle contraction.

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6

Unfused tetanus

Contractions with some relaxation occurring between them, resulting in summed effects.

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7

Fused tetanus

Contractions with no evidence of relaxation before the following contractions, resulting in a sustained muscle contraction.

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8

Muscle force

The strength of muscle contraction, which depends on the number of fibers stimulated.

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9

Energy for muscle contraction

Initially, muscles use stored ATP for energy, but other pathways must be utilized to produce ATP after ATP stores are depleted.

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10

Direct phosphorylation

The process of reattaching a phosphate to ADP by creatine phosphate to regenerate ATP.

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11

Aerobic respiration

The breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy (ATP) in the presence of oxygen.

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12

Anaerobic glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose without oxygen, producing ATP and lactic acid.

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13

Muscle fatigue

Inability of a muscle to contract even with a stimulus, often caused by oxygen debt and accumulation of lactic acid.

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14

Isotonic contractions

Contractions where myofilaments can slide past each other, resulting in muscle shortening and movement.

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15

Isometric contractions

Contractions where tension in the muscles increases, but the muscle is unable to shorten or produce movement.

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16

Muscle tone

The state of some fibers being contracted even in a relaxed muscle, providing stability and readiness for movement.

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17

Effect of exercise on muscles

Exercise increases muscle size, strength, and endurance, with aerobic exercise improving flexibility and resistance to fatigue, and resistance exercise increasing muscle size and strength.

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18

Phosphorylation

The process of reattaching a phosphate to ADP to recreate ATP.

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