Unit 9 AP Psych

In one experiment, Wolfgang Kohler watched an ape suddenly solve a problem of reaching bananas hanging from the ceiling by stacking and climbing up a number of crates. Which of the following did Kohler conclude the ape used in the problem

insight

Professor Pegler’s research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risk. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

cognitive psychology

In elementary school and high school, Charlie got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college has test proctors who are very observant, Charlie spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Charlie’s strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequence of

mental set

Although Steve was certain that he answered between 70 and 80 items correctly oon his biology test, he actually was right on only 55 items. Steve’s misjudgment of his test performance illustrates

overconfidence

After learning about a disease outbreak, a person estimates that they are very likely to contract the disease, even though statistics suggest the probability is low. This belief is an example of

the availability heuristic

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that “it’s always best to stick with your first answer”. Anika’s decision best illustrates the use of

a heuristic

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceeding sentence demonstrates the importance of

semantics

Which of the following best illustrates confirmation bias?

Asked to write an opinion paper on capital punishment, MacKenzie primarily searches for evidence that supports her opposition to the practice

The representative heuristic refers to our tendency to

judge the likelihood of a category membership by how closely an object or event resembles a particular prototype

injury to the left ____ lobe damages the convergent thinking required for successful performance on Intelligence tests

parietal

What distinguishes a mental set from a schema?

A mental set is based on a specific learned strategy, while a schema is a general framework for understanding the world.

An algorithm is

methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems

It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of

belief perseverance

A person who assumes that because a quiet and studious individual enjoys books, they must be a librarian rather than a salesperson, is demonstrating

the representative heuristic

Returning personal favors to those that have shown you kindness is especially likely to be emphasized in cultures characterized by

collectivism

When 2 year old Asher was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Asher was unable to resist the demands of his

Id

Freud suggested that remembered events and images in our dreams were a censored expression of the dream’s

latent content

Kai is a combat veteran of the Vietnam war. When asked, he says he never went to Vietnam. Kai’s psychoanalyst suspects that Kai may have been involved in a traumatic event during the war. Which defense mechanism may Kai’s unconscious mind be employing to protect him?

denial

Dr. Jessie believes in the importance of unconscious and in the personality structures of the id, ego, and super ego she doubts sexual conflict shapes personality and focuses on the role of social interaction and personality development. Dr. Jessie is most likely an

neo-Freudian

Asher tells his therapist that he is jealous of his best friend’s popularity and wants to tell everyone about his friend’s negative traits. Asher is afraid his therapist will critisize him for those thoughts, but instead the therapist expresses empathy for Asher’s feelings. This therapist is offering

unconditional positive regard

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of _____ in personality functioning

the collective unconscious

Which of the following would most likely be said by a critic of humanistic psychology?

Humanistic concepts are too vague and subjective, making them difficult to measure objectively

Freud emphasized that the id operates on ____ principle

pleasure

After Scarlett had an argument with Zach, Scarlett slammed her door to her room instead of hitting him. Scarlett’s action bets illustrates which defense mechanism?

I have no clue (my guess is displacement)

Boris does not like chemistry but he has chosen it as his college major simply to prove that he is just as smart as his father, who is an outstanding chemist. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an unresolved

Oedipus Complex

Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patients symptoms?

free association

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the

recovery of repressed memories

A psychologist conducting a structured personality assessment that asks respondents to rate themselves on various traits (e.g. “I see myself as outgoing and sociable”) is most likely using

a self report inventory

Personality is best defined as an individuals

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Accepting ourselves without undue dependence on the approval of others best illustrates

self-secure esteem

Zach was asked by his psychotherapist to describe what he saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Zach was most likely responding to a ____ test

Rorschach

Which psychologists are most likely to criticize standardized personality tests for failing to capture the unique subjective experience of the individual personality?

humanistic theorist

Freud emphasized that the ego operates on the ____ principle

reality

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

psychoanalysis

People who cheat on their taxes are especially likely to think many others do as well. This false consensus effect is most similar to Freud’s concept of

projection

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our

social attachment styles