ADU level 3 quizzes

The primary goal of ADU level 3 is to

a) train sales staff

b) produce individuals with greater understanding of lake and pond management plans

c) teach only chemical application

d) prepare for EPA exams

b) produce individuals with greater understanding of lake and pond management plans

what does Avg Depth equal when calculating acre-feet

a) max depth

b) half of max depth

c) surface area / depth

d) length x width

b) half of max depth

one acre equals how many sq ft

43,560 sq ft

one acre-foot is approx how many gallons

a) 32,600

b) 326,000

c) 3,260,000

d) 1 million gallons

b) 326,000 gallons

What does the A in ABCs of communication stand for?

Acknowledge

Kist the 3 main groups of impacts caused by nuisance plants and algae

Economic, Ecological, and Human

Which of the following is an example of a Human Health Impact

a) reduced property value

b) hydropower interferance

c) drinking water toxins from HABs

d) habitat alteration

C) drinking water toxins from HABs

Which impact category includes navigation and hydropower?

a) human

b) ecological

c) economic

d) recreational

c) economic

True or False: Pesticides are thoroughly tested and regulated before being registered by the EPA

True

Approx how many years of research is required before a pesticide is registered?

10 years

Why is arriving early to a site visit important

a) to start applying product faster

b) to review surrounding water sources and problem history

c) to avoid talking to the client

d) to reduce paperwork

b) to review surrounding water sources and problem history

Why is understanding pond history critical?

to understand pond’s past problems, predict future problems, and understand the uses of the pond

a plant that completes is life cycle in one year is classified as ______

an annual

a plant with 2 seed leaves at germination is a

a) monocot

b) annual

c) dicot

d) perennial

C) dicot

which term describes plants the contain both male and female flower parts?

a) dioecious

b) hybrid

c) monoecious

d) perennial

c) monoecious

stolons are best described as

a) underground seed structures

b) floating leaves

c) runner-like stems along sediment

d) root crowns

c) runner-like stems along sediment

Which invasive plant strategy relies on long term sediment viability?

a) fragment spreaders

b) surface thieves

c) territory builders

d) seed bankers

d) seed bankers

Which plant is classified as a submersed, rooted, perennial, monocot?

a) eurasian watermilfoil

b) hydrilla

c) fanwort

d) coontail

b) hydrilla

Hydrilla can reproduce by all EXCEPT

a) tubers

b) turions

c) fragmentation

d) seeds only

d) seeds only

Which characteristic helps distinguish hydrilla from similar species?

a) smooth leaf edges

b) serrated leaf edges

c) floating flowers

d) hollow stems

b) serrated leaf edges

eurasian watermilfoil primarily spreads through

a) seeds

b) stolons

c) fragmentation

d) bulbils

c) fragmentation

treating eurasian watermilfoil too late in summer increases risk of

a) seed bank formation

b) fragmentation

c) herbicide resisitence

d) nutrient resistance

b) fragmentation

curlyleaf pondweed is unique because it:

a) germinates in spring

b) grows only in oligotrophic lakes

c) germinates in fall and overwinters

d) dies only after frost

c) germinates in fall and overwinters

curlyleaf pondweed turions can remain viable for up to:

a) 2 years

b) 5 years

c) 10 years

d) 15 years

d) 15 years

which plant is free-floating and rootless?

a) hydrilla

b) egeria

c) coontail

d) naiad

c) coontail

which plant prefers acidic water (pH 4-6)

a) fanwort

b) hydrilla

c) naiad
d) duckweed

Starry Stonewort is best described as a

a) submersed flowering plant

b) emergent grass

c) macro-alga

d) floating monocot

c) macro-alga

duckweed and watermeal primarily reproduce through _____

vegetative budding

which floating plant can double its population in just weeks?

a) water chestnut

b) water lettuce

c) fanwort

d) phragmites

b) water lettuce

which plant spreads aggressively via rhizomes and dominates shorelines?

a) duckweed

b) water hyacinth

c) phragmites

d) naiads

c) phragmites

you find curlyleaf pondweed in April. What happens if you wait until June to treat?

a) control improves

b) turion production increases

c) plant naturally disappears with no impact

d) seed bank is reduced

b) turion production increases

a marina has Eurasian watermilfoil and constant boat traffic. What is the biggest concern?

a) reduced herbicide contact time

b) fragmentation and spread

c) increased turbidity

d) poor germination

b) fragmentation and spread

“Aquatic plant management” is defined as techniques that result in

A) 10% reduction in annual plant height

B) a timely, consistent, and substantial reduction of a target population to levels that alleviate impairments

C) the complete and permanent eradication of all native and non native spices

D) 50% reduction in seed bank viability over a decade

B) a timely, consistent, and substantial reduction of a target population to levels that alleviate impairments

What is the primary difference between contact and systemic herbicides

Contact cause rapid injury to contacted tissues with little translocation, while systemic move through the vascular system and kill the entire plant

In the US, the registration process for a new aquatic herbicide takes what

A) 2 years and $1 million

B) 5 years and $10 million

C) 8-10 years and $60 million

D) 15 years and $100 million

C) 8-10 years and $60 million

Submersed macrophytes are limited in their growth compared to emergent plants due to the availability of

A) N and P in the sediment

B) light and CO2

C) space and wind fetch

D) O2 and Ca

B) light and CO2

The concentration and exposure time (CET) relationship dictates that for a submersed treatment to be successful

A) the chemical must be applied only during high wind events

B) lethal concentration must be maintained in contact with target plant for a minimum duration

C) herbicide must be applied at a rate of at least 10 ppm

D) treatment must occur exactly 45 days before frost

B) lethal concentration must be maintained in contact with target plant for a minimum duration

What systemic herbicide targets the PDS enzyme and requires a minimum contact time of 45 days?

A) diquat

B) endothall

C) Fluridone

D) copper sulfate

C) Fluridone

Every registered aquatic herbicide has what 3 names?

Trade name, common name, and chemical name

What is the primary role of an activator adjuvant in a foliar spray mixture?

A) make it more toxic to fish

B) help breach waxy cuticle on leaf

C) increase rate of photolysis in water column

D) prevent herbicide from sticking to target plant

B) help breach waxy cuticle on leaf

Contact herbicides like flumioxazin are highly sensitive to pH, at a pH of 9, it’s half life is approximately

A) 24 hours

B) 5 days

C) 15-22 min

D) 40 days

C) 15-22 min

Regarding modern registered herbicides, bioconcentration:

A) is the reason they are effective on roots

B) does not occur in any currently registered aquatic herbicide

C) is required by EPA before a label is approved

D) only occurs when chemical is applied to muddy water

Under which federal act does the EPA regulate the use, labeling, and registration of all pesticides?

FIFRA

Why is spring treatment of aquatic plants generally preferred over late summer treatment with regards to muck

Treating in the spring while they are small adds insignificant organic matter and prevents O2 depletion caused by decaying biomass

What contact herbicide is effectively “turned off” or inactivated when it contacts “muddy” water or suspended soil particles

A) endothall

B) diquat

C) Fluridone

D) 2,4-D

B) Diquat

Nutrient inactivation involves applying agents like alum or lanthanum to

A) increase the amount of N for fish

B) remove P from water column and seal it in the sediment

C) kill all rooted plants by blocking the sunlight

D) introduce bacteria that compete with algae for space

Organisms whose presence has a disproportionate effect on the entire community are known as

A) invasive species

B) primary producers

C) keystone spieces

D) generalists herbivores

The LC50 value found on pesticide toxicity reports represents

A) legal concentration allowed for 50 days use

B) the concentration expected to kill 50% of test organisms

C) time required for 50% if the chemical to degrade

D) the level at which 50% of the public is satisfied with water clarity

What systemic herbicide was the first organic herbicide registered in the US and is used for selective broadleaf weed control

A) flumioxazin

B) 2.4-D

C) glyphosate

D) penoxsulam

B) 2,4-D

What herbicide is more effective when blanket spraying buffer zones for small pines and maples

A) triclopyr

B) carfentrazone

C) endothall

D) glyphosate

A) triclopyr

What is the most effective way to prevent herbicide resistance?

Rotate or combine pesticides with different mechanism of action

Unlike vascular plants, algae are characterized by their lack of what

Distinct organs such as roots, stems, and leaves

Which growth from described algae that are attached to submersed structures, rocks, or plants?

A) phytoplankton

B) periphyton

C) benthic

D) filamentous

B) periphyton

Approx how many pounds of algae can be produced by a single lbs of P

A) 1-10 lbs

B) 50-100 lbs

C) 300-500 lbs

D) 1000-1500 lbs

C) 300-500 lbs

Which group of algae is characterized by symmetrical, single celled bodies, and outer walls made of silica?

A) diatoms

B) euglenoids

C) dinoflagellates

D) Cyanobacteria

A) diatoms

Algal populations in a bloom can sometimes double in size in

A) 2 hrs or less

B) 2 days or less

C) 2 weeks or less

D) one month

B) 2 days or less

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which can be carcinogenic at high concentrations, are formed by the reaction of chlorine disinfectant with

A) copper based algaecides

B) algal organic matter

C) excess P

D) silica from diatoms

A) copper based algaecides

why is O2 depletion a common ecological impact of an algal bloom?

Decaying algae consumes dissolved oxygen

Which competitive advantage allows blue-green algae to move up and down in the water column

A) 2 flagella

B) buoyancy regulation using gas vacuoles

C) mobile rhizoids

D) highly developed root systems

B) buoyancy regulation using gas vacuoles

Annie, Fannie, and Mike are nicknames for what common HAB-producing genera?

Which species of nuisance algae is dark green, feels rough, and is more resistant than most other filamentous algae?

Pith

Under FIFRA, any product that makes a claim to control algae must be registered as

A) fertilizer

B) pesticide

C) nutrient inactivator

D) water quality enhancer

B) pesticide

Which algaecide works by oxidizing algal cell membranes and breaks down into water and oxygen?

A) copper sulfate

B) chelated copper

C) peroxide algaecide

D) diquat

C) peroxide algaecide

Copper sulfate is less effective in why type of water

A) soft water

B) hard water

C) low nutrient water

D) cold water

B) hard water

What is the half life of chelated copper in water

A) 8 hours

B) 2-8 days

C) 15-30 days

D) no half life

B) 2-8 days

What toxic effect is associated with Euglena sanguinea?

A) produce hepatotoxins that affect the liver

B) produce neurotoxins linked to ALS

C) production of ichthyotoxins that kill fish

D) production of carcinogenic DBPs

C) production of ichthyotoxins that kill fish

Why should algaecide treatments often be performed in sections rather than treating the entire lake at once

To avoid fish kills caused by oxygen depletion from decaying algae

What monitoring parameter is a primary photosynthetic pigment used as a rough estimate of algal biomass

A) secchi disk

B) chlorophyll-a

C) N:P ratio

D) P concentration

B) chlorophyll-a

Which algaecide is a strong oxidant that disrupts cellular functions?

A) Diquat

B) carfentrazone

C) endothall

D) copper salts

A) Diquat

Which nuisance algae is commonly known as “water net algae” and forms net-like mesh colonies?

hydrodictyon