Immunity and Infection/ Pain and Inflammation DRUGS

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Isoniazid?

Interferes with lipid & RNA in bacilli; bacteriostatic, higher doses bactericidal

What are the indications for Isoniazid?

Active & latent TB

What are the common routes of administration for Isoniazid?

PO, IM (rare)

What are the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Isoniazid?

liver failure, peripheral neuropathy (B6 deficiency), N/V, CNS issues, DRESS

What nursing considerations should be taken when administering Isoniazid?

Monitor liver enzymes, GI disturbances, give B6, often with rifampin

What instructions should patients follow when taking Isoniazid?

Adhere to a 6-9 month regimen, monitor for liver toxicity, neuropathy, DRESS, avoid antacids

What are the contraindications for using Isoniazid?

Liver damage, allergy, severe liver disease

What precautions should be considered when prescribing Isoniazid?

Chronic liver disease, alcoholism, >50 years old, renal impairment

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Rifampin?

Inhibits RNA; bacteriostatic/bactericidal

What are the indications for using Rifampin?

TB, meningitis, leprosy, broad-spectrum, resistance prevention

What routes can Rifampin be administered?

PO, IV (rare)

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Rifampin?

Hepatotoxicity, red/orange body fluids, GI issues, flushing/rash

What nursing considerations are important for Rifampin?

Monitor LFTs, GI issues, DRESS

What instructions should be given to patients taking Rifampin?

Take before meals (unless GI upset), med adherence, report GI issues, BC backup

What is a contraindication for using Rifampin?

Allergy

What precautions should be taken when prescribing Rifampin?

Liver disease, alcohol use disorder, hepatotoxic meds, DM

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Metronidazole?

Damages DNA, prevents reproduction

What are the indications for Metronidazole?

Amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis

What are the routes of administration for Metronidazole?

PO, topical, IV

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Metronidazole?

N/V/D, anorexia, CNS issues, dark urine

What nursing considerations should be taken when administering Metronidazole?

Take with food/milk, monitor CNS, stop if seizures

What is an expected side effect of Metronidazole?

Dark urine expected

What are the contraindications for using Metronidazole?

Pregnancy, CNS disorders

What precautions should be taken when using Metronidazole?

Heart, liver, renal disease, seizures

What are the names of two polyene antifungals?

Amphotericin B and Nystatin

What is the mechanism of action of Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Damage fungal cell wall; fungistatic/fungicidal

What are the indications for Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Local/systemic fungal infections

What are the routes of administration for Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Topical, PO suspension, IV, bladder irrigation

What are some common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, headache, nausea, anemia, thrombophlebitis, renal toxicity, hypokalemia

What nursing interventions are important when administering Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Premedicate with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen, monitor renal labs, CBC, weight, and IV site

What patient instructions should be given for Nystatin?

Comply with labs, report reactions, monitor weight, swish & swallow

What are the contraindications for Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Lactation and allergy

What precautions should be taken when using Amphotericin B and Nystatin?

Renal impairment, anemia, pregnancy (not studied)

What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?

Inhibits viral DNA replication (virustatic)

What are the indications for acyclovir?

Viral/herpetic infections

What are the routes of administration for acyclovir?

PO, IV, topical

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for oral acyclovir?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, CNS effects

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for IV acyclovir?

tissue damage

What is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR) for topical acyclovir?

Irritation

What nursing considerations should be taken when administering acyclovir?

Infuse slowly, hydrate, monitor skin, wear gloves

What instructions should be given to patients taking acyclovir?

Report CNS effects, IV site irritation, practice safe sex, maintain hydration

What is a contraindication for acyclovir?

hypersensitivity

What precautions should be taken when using acyclovir?

Renal impairment, neuro issues, dehydration

Penicillin MOA

Cell wall damage

Is penicillin broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum?

Both broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum

What are some adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with penicillin?

Allergies, superinfections

What should be monitored in patients taking penicillin?

GI symptoms, C. Diff, Candida, airway

What is a contraindication for using penicillin?

Allergy

What precaution should be taken when administering penicillin?

Renal impairment

What is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins?

Cell wall interference

What are common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with cephalosporins?

GI issues, C. Diff, cross-sensitivity, disulfiram reaction

What nursing actions should be taken when administering cephalosporins?

Monitor and report bloody stool, monitor for allergy, infuse IV slowly, dilute properly, educate patient about alcohol

What client instructions should be given when taking cephalosporins?

Take with food, report bloody diarrhea, call 911 for wheezing or coughing, report IV site issues, warn about alcohol

What are the contraindications for cephalosporins?

Allergy to cephalosporins or penicillin

What are some drug interactions with cephalosporins?

Alcohol, IV calcium, and Ceftriaxone

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of imipenem?

Cell wall inhibitor

What are the indications for imipenem?

Serious infections, broad-spectrum

What routes can imipenem be administered?

IV, IM

What are common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of imipenem?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, phlebitis, cross sensitivity, superinfection

What nursing considerations are important when administering imipenem?

Infuse slowly, monitor GI, IV site, liver function tests, superinfection

What instructions should be given to patients taking imipenem?

Report nausea, vomiting, allergy, superinfection

What is a contraindication for using imipenem?

Carbapenem/penicillin allergy

What precautions should be taken when administering imipenem?

Cephalosporin allergy, seizures, renal impairment

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Vancomycin?

Cell wall interference

What are the indications for using Vancomycin?

MRSA, C. Diff, severe infections

What routes can Vancomycin be administered?

PO (C. Diff), IV

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Vancomycin?

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, IV irritation

What nursing considerations are important when administering Vancomycin?

Administer >1h, monitor troughs, renal labs, IV site, anaphylaxis

What instructions should be given to patients taking oral Vancomycin?

Mix PO with syrup, report tinnitus, low UOP, IV pain, vertigo, finish meds

What is a contraindication for using Vancomycin?

Allergy

What precautions should be taken when administering Vancomycin?

Renal impairment, hearing loss, colitis

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of tetracycline?

Inhibits protein synthesis

What are the indications for tetracycline?

Acne, resistant infections

What are the common routes of administration for tetracycline?

PO, IM (rare)

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of tetracycline?

GI upset, hepatotoxicity (especially in pregnancy), bone/teeth issues, superinfections, photosensitivity

What nursing considerations should be taken when administering tetracycline?

Monitor GI, pregnancy, liver function tests (LFTs), provide sun education, monitor stool

What are the instructions for taking tetracycline?

Non-dairy, ideally on an empty stomach, avoid expired medications, sun protection, avoid in pregnancy

What are the contraindications for tetracycline?

Pregnancy, age <8 years, allergy, UV therapy

What precautions should be taken when using tetracycline?

Liver and kidney impairment

What is the mechanism of action of erythromycin?

Inhibits protein synthesis

What are the indications for erythromycin?

Whooping cough, diphtheria, chlamydia, pneumonia, eye prophylaxis

What are the routes of administration for erythromycin?

PO, topical, IV

What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of erythromycin?

GI upset, prolonged QT, ototoxicity, superinfections

What nursing assessments are important for a patient on erythromycin?

Monitor GI, LFTs, ototoxicity, cardiac rhythm, superinfection

What instructions should be given to patients taking erythromycin?

Take with food if needed, report fainting, tinnitus, bloody diarrhea, candida symptoms

What are the contraindications for erythromycin?

Long QT syndrome, allergy

What precautions should be taken when administering erythromycin?

Liver disorders, hypo K/Mg

What is the mechanism of action of gentamycin?

Inhibits protein synthesis

What are the indications for gentamycin?

E. Coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, skin/eye infections

What are the routes of administration for gentamycin?

Topical, IM, IV, ophthalmic, intrathecal

What are the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of gentamycin?

Ototoxicity, vertigo, nephrotoxicity

What nursing actions should be taken when administering gentamycin?

Monitor HA, tinnitus, vertigo, peaks/troughs, I&O, renal labs, limit 10 days

What instructions should be given to patients taking gentamycin?

Report tinnitus, HA, vertigo, hearing loss, drink fluids, monitor urine

What are the contraindications for gentamycin?

Allergy, hearing loss, renal failure

What precautions should be taken when using gentamycin?

Dehydration, myasthenia gravis

What class of antibiotics does Ciprofloxacin belong to?

Fluoroquinolones

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Ciprofloxacin?

Inhibits DNA replication

What are the indications for using Ciprofloxacin?

Severe infections, UTI, anthrax

What routes of administration are available for Ciprofloxacin?

PO, IV

What are some common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Ciprofloxacin?

CNS issues, GI upset, tendon rupture, photosensitivity, C. Diff