Exercise

when exercise occurred what was there an increase in

• massive increase in inflammation, oxidative stress

• Rapid changes in signaling systems

• pronounced changes in cellular biochemistry

• happens within 2minutes

after regular excersize

you have short term response to excersize, baseline figures change after a couple of weeks of consistent excersize

sedentary lifestyle

• dementia

• cardiovascular disease

• increased blood pressure

• lower vo2 max

• insulin sensitivity

• glucose uptake and metabolism

• type ll diabetes

• regular physical activity induces multiple adaptations within skeletal muscle and other organse and these adaptations hav epositive outcomes for the prevention and treatmene tof many metabolic disorders.

Muscles and age

• no decrement in slow fibres

• fast fibres decline

• lose around 10% of muscle mass every year >30

• importance of resistance training

• excersize slows-age induced decline in aerobic capacity and muscle power

humans genome in excersize

human genom evolved in response to palaeolithic lifestyle

• high levels of activity

• ‘stone age’ genes in ‘space age’ circumstances

• physiological responses evolved to match environmental demand

• exercise = signal for gene expression programs leading to healthy phenotype

• lots of genes were made so that exercise was required for the the activity of it to be stimulated, for transcription to be stimulated.

excersize medicine

• acute exercise induces stress temporarily

• similar physiological effects as aging-related chronic disease

• regular exercise: body responds positively to attenuate these effects

• exercise-induced responses will also attenuate effects of aging

oxidative stress

• oxygen gains an extra electron molecule often in the mitochondria

• if often forms h2o2 which is very reactive and leads to dna damage and damage of proteins.

• antioxidants produced by the body to stop this reactive oxygen process

• one bout of excursive has limited adaptation and decreases physiological function

• if regular excersize is don'e there is an improved redox stated and decrease in oxidative stress

UV

UV-B induces reactive oxygen species, however the more antioxidants produced the more defenses you will have. eg. fish in flowing water suffer less UV-B damage then just cold water. less glutathione loss as well

behaviour and excersize

Wheel running in mice

• breeding experiments: select for high voluntary wheel running phenotypes

• 60+ generations

• Two genetically different lines: high running and low-running control

• can test if theres any hormonal dimensions, what attributes to wanting to run mor e

some things noticed

• runing is self-rewarding and addicting

Endocannabinoid(EC) system

• modulates neural reward system

• Facilitates dopamine release

• neurochemical effect similar to drugs

• addiction to running

• possibly mice who are more sensitvie to dopamine and have more dopamine receptor sites liek running more

Exercise changes behavior

high running (selected) lines

• more active

• groomed less

• slept less

• WHOLE BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS CHANGED.