Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2

What are phonological patterns?

Phonological patterns describe a child's sound class errors.

At what age should most phonological processes be resolved?

By age 3;6.

Can multiple phonological processes affect a single word?

Yes, one or multiple phonological patterns can affect the same word.

What are distinctive features in phonology?

Distinctive features provide alternative methods to describe sound class errors.

What populations typically use phonological process analysis?

It is typically used with preschoolers.

Name a phonological process that involves place changes.

Fronting, velar assimilation, labial assimilation, backing, glottal replacement.

What processes involve manner changes?

Stopping, gliding, lateralization, affrication, nasalization, denasalization.

What is metathesis in phonological processes?

The reversal of sounds in a word.

What processes affect consonant clusters?

Cluster reduction and epenthesis.

Which phonological processes are not typically associated with typical development?

Backing, glottal replacement, affrication, nasalization, denasalization, initial consonant deletion.

What processes involve vowels?

Vowel neutralization and vowelization.

What processes affect entire syllables?

Reduplication and weak syllable deletion.

What processes affect the beginning of syllables?

Prevocalic voicing and initial consonant deletion.

What processes affect the end of syllables?

Final consonant devoicing and final consonant deletion.

What is lateralization in phonology?

/s/ and /z/ sounds come through the sides of the mouth.

What is vocalization/vowelization?

Substitution of a vowel for /r/ or /l/.

What is the role of phonetic environment in speech therapy?

Phonetic environments help assess stimulability and establish correct production of sounds. If we are targeting a sound in therapy how can we make the environment friendly so the child can easily produce that sound.

What is a phonetic inventory?

It refers to how many sounds a child can produce correctly, regardless of their position. Also independent anaylsis.

What is phoneme collapse?

When one phoneme substitutes for several other phonemes.

What are informal assessments in speech therapy?

Measures of severity/intelligibility used to supplement assessment and track progress.

What is the Complexity Approach in speech therapy?

An approach for children aged 3-6 with at least one standard deviation below the mean, focusing on difficult sounds to promote generalization.

What is the Minimal Pairs approach?

It uses two words that differ by one sound to build sound awareness, suitable for children with mild impairments.

What is the Cycles approach?

A systematic time-based approach targeting 2-4 error patterns to increase intelligibility in highly unintelligible children aged 3-6.

What is the Multiple Oppositions approach?

An extension of minimal pairs that contrasts all treatment sounds with the errored sound, for children with severe speech sound disorders.

What is the Maximal Oppositions approach?

It uses word pairs that are maximally different to help children with moderate to severe speech sound disorders.

What is the Core approach in speech therapy?

Intervention for children with inconsistent errors, focusing on 70 functional words with 10 words treated each week.

What does Integrated Phonological Awareness encompass?

It includes syllable awareness, rhyme awareness, and phonemic awareness.

What are Articulation Approaches in speech therapy?

They expose children to correct phoneme production, requiring mastery before progressing to the next level.

What is relational anaylsis?

When you write down the phonemes they are producing correctly when compared to the target word.

How SLPs use phonetic environment during assessment & treatment

We use the phonetic environment during assessment to assess stimulability .

We use the phonetic environment to help establish correct production of sound or type of syllable (syllable with a cluster, a CVC syllable).

What to look for to determine what test would be an appropriate choice to use in an assessment.

What are the general strengths and areas of improvement for the client?

What is their age?

Do they speak another language?

What is assessing- what kind of results does it provide.

At what age should we expect a child to be intelligible to an unfamiliar listener?

3-4 years for intelligible speech