Features of blood and homeostasis

What is haematopoiesis?

Production of blood cellular components in the bone marrow

What are the three main functions of blood?

Transportation

Regulation

Protection

What is the function of red blood cells?

Deliver oxygen from lungs to the tissues

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Differentiate into b lymphocytes to make antibodies, and t lymphocytes control immune responses

What is the function of monocytes?

Plays a role in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes

What is the function of eosinophils?

Destruction of parasites too large for phagocytosis

What is the function of basophils?

Defend the body from allergens and trigger allergic reactions

What is the function of neutrophils?

Primary cells for phagocytosis

What determines the blood groups of the ABO blood group system?

Presence or absence of antigen A or antigen B

What determines the blood groups of the Rh blood group system?

Presence or absence of antigen D

Rh positive or Rh negative

What is lymph?

Collection of extra fluid draining from cells

What is homeostasis?

Any process living things use to maintain fairly stable conditions for survival, composed of an effector, control center, and effector

How is body temperature regulated when it rises?

Blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete fluid and heat is lost to the environment

How is body temperature regulated when body temperature falls?

Blood vessels constrict, sweat glands don’t secret fluid and shivering generates heat

How is blood glucose regulated when blood glucose levels rise?

Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin

Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen

Blood glucose levels decline

How is blood glucose regulated when blood glucose levels fall?

Alpha cells in pancreas release glucagon

Liver breaks down glycogen and release glucose

How is blood pressure regulated when blood pressure falls?

Decreases baroreceptor firing

Decreases cardiac inhibitor centres and increases cardiac accelerator centres

Increases vasomotor center

Causes cardiac output and vasoconstriction to increase, so blood pressure increases

How is blood pressure regulated wen blood pressure rises?

Increases baroreceptor firing

Increases cardiac inhibitor centres and decreases cardiac accelerator centres

Decreases vasomotor center

Decreases cardiac output and increases vasodilation, causing blood pressure to drop

How are calcium levels regulated when calcium levels in the blood are too high?

Thyroid releases calcitonin

Calcitonin increases osteoblast activity and calcium storage in bones

More calcium uptake in bones reduces calcium uptake in intestines and re absorption in kidneys

How are calcium levels regulated when calcium levels in the blood are too low?

Parathyroid releases PTH

PTH increases osteoclast activity and calcium storage release

Increased calcium release decreases calcium uptake in intensities and increases reabsorption in the kidneys

What are childbirth and blood clotting both examples of?

Positive feedback

What is the process of blood clotting?

1. Cell wall damage triggers chemical release

2. Chemicals trigger clotting

3. Clotting triggers chemical release

4. More chemicals trigger more clotting

5. Until blood clot stops bleeding

What is the process of childbirth?

1. Head of baby pushes against cervix

2. Nerve impulses from cervix are transmitted to the brain

3. Brain stimulates pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin

4. Oxytocin is carried to the uterus

5. Oxytocin stimulates contractions