Ap euro period 2 midterm (copy)

What was the Fronde?

A series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653 during the early reign of King Louis XIV, where the nobility and Parisian population rebelled against the government.

Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?

The General of finances for Louis XIV, known for his mercantilist policies, building infrastructure, expanding the navy, and patronage of the arts.

What was the Edict of Nantes?

A decree issued by Henry IV of France granting religious freedom to Huguenots; it was revoked by Louis XIV, leading to the exodus of many Huguenots.

What is absolutism?

A political system where a single ruler holds absolute power, often justified by divine right.

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen outline?

Fundamental individual rights like liberty, property, and security, based on Enlightenment principles.

Who was King Louis XIV?

The 'Sun King' of France, known for his absolute monarchy, centralization of power, and construction of the Palace of Versailles.

What characterized the Baroque art style?

Dramatic effects, ornate decoration, sense of movement, and emotional appeal.

What did John Locke advocate for?

The protection of natural rights such as life, liberty, and property and the notion of government based on the social contract.

What was the Glorious Revolution?

The overthrow of King James II of England in 1688, leading to the ascension of William and Mary and a shift towards constitutional monarchy.

Define enlightened absolutism.

A political system in which absolute monarchs adopt policies inspired by Enlightenment ideas like education, religious toleration, and legal reforms.

What was the impact of the Seven Years' War?

It significantly shifted the balance of power towards Britain and became a global conflict over colonial territories.

Who was Marie Antoinette?

The Queen of France who was symbolically blamed for France's financial problems and was executed during the revolution.

What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety?

To protect the new republic from internal and external threats during the Reign of Terror.

What does the term 'sans-culottes' refer to?

Radical working-class citizens in Paris known for their strong involvement in revolutionary activities.

Who was Robespierre?

A radical leader of the Jacobins who led during the Reign of Terror, advocating for a 'Republic of Virtue'.

What was the significance of the Concordat of 1801?

It recognized Catholicism as the majority religion in France while ensuring religious freedom for non-Catholics.

What was the goal of the Continental System implemented by Napoleon?

To cripple Britain's economy by forbidding European countries allied with France from trading with Britain.

What were the aims of the Congress of Vienna?

To reorganize Europe and restore stability after the Napoleonic Wars, ensuring a balance of power.

What is Nationalism?

A political ideology where people strongly identify with their nation and advocate for self-determination.

Define the term 'Deism'.

The belief in a supreme being who created the universe but does not intervene in human affairs.