Bio paper 2 ecology

Example of biotic factors

Availability of food, new predators new pathogens competition between animals

Example of abiotic factors

Light intensity temperature, moisture soil pH wind intensity CO2 levels 02

Habitat

The place where an organism lives

Ecosystem

The interaction of a community of living organisms with the nonliving parts of environment

Community

Population of different species living in the same habitat

Population

A group of interpreting organisms of one species in a habitat

What happens if there are too many animals?

They compete for food territory and mates

What do plants compete for?

They compete for light space water, and minerals from the soil

What’s a stable community?

All the species and the environmental factors are in balance, so the population stays fairly constant

What do food chains show?

Show feeding relationships they start with a producer. Producers are eaten by primary consumers which may be eaten by secondary consumers and then territory consumers

What are quadrats?

Quadrants can be used to find distribution of organisms environments

How to carry out random sampling

1. use a tape measure to make a grid number

2. Method of obtaining random coordinates

3. Count number of plants in a quadrant

4. repeat at least 10 to 15 times

5. calculate mean or average number per quadrant

What is independence?

It shows how many species depend on each other

Extreme files

They are organisms that live in extreme conditions and may have specific adaptions

What is biomass?

It’s trim mass of living material in it organism

What are predators?

They eat other animals

What are pray?

They are eaten by Predetors

What are transects?

They can be used to find distribution of organisms in an environment that is changing it’s usually Measured in a line

how to carry out a transect

1. Use tape measure to make a Transect

2. Play quadrats along

3. Count number of plants in each quadrant

4. Do a regular interval along tape

5. Repeat Several times

How is carbon cycle?

Photosynthesis remove CO2 from atmosphere respiration and combustion puts it back when things die they decay when they are broken down by microorganisms. They also release CO2 and respiration.

Ways to maintain biodiversity

• Reading programs for endangered species

• Protection and regeneration of rare habitats

• Introduction of field margins and had a grow in farming area areas

• Reducing deforestation and CO2 emissions

• Recycling

What is global warming caused by?

Caused by increasing CO2 and the levels which is greenhouse gas

What is the problem of global warming?

change in climate rise and sea levels change in species distribution change animals migration pattern

Land use

Humans are reducing land for animals by using it to build quarry farm and dump waste

Waste measurement

Making more ways and using more resources because of bigger human population and it increases the standard of living pollution can happen from water in a land pollution kills plants and animals reducing biodiversity

Reasons why biodiversity is being reduced

Deforestation, land use global warming and waste management

Why is it important to maintain by diversity?

• Organisms make substances useful Two human

• It’s the duty for Future generation

• It can affect other organisms in the food chain