Endocrine system

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin; regulates sleep/wake cycles.

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

Acts as the control center; signals the pituitary gland.

Why is the pituitary gland called the “master gland”?

It secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

T3 and T4 (regulate metabolism) and calcitonin (lowers blood calcium).

What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); raises blood calcium levels.

What is the function of the thymus?

Development and maturation of T lymphocytes (T-cells).

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight-or-flight response).

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Secretes insulin (lowers blood sugar) and glucagon (raises blood sugar).

What hormones are secreted by the ovaries?

Estrogen and progesterone.

What hormone is secreted by the testes?

Testosterone.

Why is the thyroid gland palpated during assessment?

To check for enlargement, nodules, or tenderness.