APUSH Review: Black History

Europeans Enslaving Africans

Purchased from slaves Africa, used instead of Natives

African Slaves in 13 Colonies

First arrived in Jamestown and established as indentured servants, became slaves growing and planting crops

Revolutionary Period- Philosophical Arguments

British used irony of colonists demanding freedom from "enslavement" and no representation when some/mostcolonists own slaves

Beginning of the abolishment of slavery

Northern states start abolishing slavery. Inspired by revolutionary rhetoric of freedom

Articles of Confederation

Northwest Ordinance prohibits slavery

Constitution

3/5ths compromise, northerners wanted to abolish slavery, southerners wanted to enforce slavery

Political Parties

Democratic Party becomes party of slavery with Southern states, agricultural platform, and territorial expansion. Liberty Party abolitionist party, Free Soil Party against the expansion of slavery, Republican Party absorbs Conscience Whigs, Free Soil, Liberty, and some Northern Democrats

Important Cases involving civil rights

Ostend Manifesto, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott v. Sanford, Harper's Ferry

Lincoln, Union, and Slavery

Border states (Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri) remained "Union" and retained slavery. Lincoln could not end slavery since it was constitutional and controversial

Confederacy

Peculiar Institution suffers during wari. Poor whites fighting and Union invasions caused chaos on plantations.

Civil War Amendments

13, 14, and 15th amendments

Redeemer Democrats and New South

Southern politicians returned to power and began eliminating Reconstruction programs post civil war

Philosophical Developments

Social Darwinism used to promote white sense of superiority over blacks and other races/minorities

Response to Discrimination

Progressives virtually ignored the plight of blacks since they either shared in racism or not a priority among other reforms

Great Migration

By 1900, 90% of blacks lived in the South; by 1910 began migrating to the North

Harlem Renaissance

Harlem section of New York became largest black community. Concentration of talent and secured promotion of black expression

Great Depression and WWII

Blacks join Democrats in New Deal Coalition. Lumped with Southern Democrats. Increased job opportunities with war economy led to Second Great Migration (1940-1970) segregated troops and military units usually reserved for menial chores.

Non violent Resistance in the 60s

Sit Ins, Freedom Riders, Birmingham Campaign, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Selma March, Voting Rights act of 1965

Black Power in 1960s

rejected pacifism/integration proposed by MLK --> separatism, militancy (Black Panthers, Malcolm X), racial pride, promoted black autonomy (separate economy), division in civil rights movement

Civil Rights Movement

movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens