Neuro/Anat Quiz 3

Quiz based on questions from class!

Define motor speech disorder

speech disorder resulting from paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech musculature that is of neurologic origin

What is UMN lesion?

symptoms: spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia

types: 1. unilateral lesion - unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria 2. bilateral lesion - spastic dysarthria

everything is tight, can barely touch limbs & have spasms

What is LMN lesion?

flaccid paralysis, hypo-tonic, muscle atrophy, fasciculations (tiny spontaneous muscle contractions of the motor unit)

types: mobius syndrome, myasthenia gravis

What kind of dysarthria does UMN result in and what causes it?

caused by strokes, tumors, infection, degenerative diseases, head trauma, inflammatory/toxic metabolic diseases:

1. unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria: caused by stroke/tumor, imprecise articulation, slow rate + irregular artic., difficulty with oral phase or swallowing, facial tightness

2. spastic dysarthria

What kind of dysarthria does LMN result in and what causes it?

caused by viral infections, tumors, trauma to the nerve itself (spinal cord injury), brain stem stroke; results in:

1. Unilateral Impairments: oral musculature is weak on affected side, lip may sag w/ drool, tongue will deviate to weak side, jaw will have unilateral weakness, palatal weakness, absent gag, pharyngeal weakness

2. Bilateral Impairments: oral musculature is weak all over, whole mouth can sag/open mouth posture, difficulty with pucking/smiling, tongue impaired for protrusion/elevation, jaw held in open posture

What are the symptoms of spastic dysarthria?

a bilateral lesion that results in loss of skilled movement, hypo-reflexive, positive Babinski, muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, aspiration of food and liquid, mod-severe dysphagia

What are the symptoms of flaccid dysarthria?

articulation: imprecise consonant production from mild → severe

phonation: Unilateral L vocal fold paralysis/paresis is rare, Bilateral L has breathy voice

resonance: hyponasality + nasal emission

laryngeal: brain-stem strokes likely to aspirate food and liquid

What are the characteristics of flaccid and spastic voices?

spastic voice: harsh vocal quality with strained/strangled sound, low pitch, mono-loudness, hyper-nasal and imprecise articulation

flaccid voice: imprecise consonant production can be mild to severe; can’t build up pressure to produce plosives or fricatives; in bilateral lesion will have breathy voice

When you have a deviated tongue due to unilateral impairment, where will the tongue move towards and why?

the tongue will always deviate towards the weaker side because the strong side pushes it over; also has difficulty with lateralization (side-to-side movement) and tongue tip elevation

What part of the brain controls and inhibits unplanned movements?

basal ganglion

What kind of dysarthria is Parkinson’s? Check spelling!

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

What is prosody?

in relation to Parkinson’s disease, it is the rate disorder or prosodic insufficiency, results in: shorter rushes of speech, inappropriate silences, and palilalia (repetitions involving words, phrases or sentences)