Religion final exam (mcqs and frqs)

Mrs. Woosley SCA

Two political factors that led to the conflicts that contributed to the great schism

The East and west were far away from each other and had trouble communicating. The emperor claiming primacy in the East and the pope trying to assert power over that state.

To theological/cultural factors that led to the conflicts that contributed to the great schism

Mass used Latin in the west and Greek in the east. Precise definitions of terms led to heresy.

Why were the teachings of the Albigensians considered heretical?

• Universe = battle between good and evil

• Spirit vs matter

Why are the teachings of the Waldensians considered heretical?

• Attacked the hierarchal structure of the church and the sacramental and priestly system

• Only Christians who take a full vow of complete poverty are "true Christians”

How did the cathedral symbolize the ideals of the middle ages?

Cathedral symbolize grandeur of the church and the influx of people to cities

describe Romanesque cathedrals

• thick walls

• Small shafts of light

• Represents a fortress against the outside turbulent world

Describe Gothic cathedrals

• Thin high walls

• Ribbed vaulted ceilings

• Stained glass windows to represent ancestors in the faith

How was the papacy exiled to Avignon?

• Philip manipulated papal election to make French cardinal Clement V the pope

• Clement V withdrew Boniface VIII’s decree and moved to Avignon, France

When threatened with evil disciples of Christ should see reality for what it is, which means acknowledging what?

Truth

Disciples of Christ should see the person as loved and called to ____ and to friendship with ___.

holiness, God

Disciples of Christ trust that God is still God ( all knowing, all loving, and all powerful) and will ____ out of the situation

Bring good

Disciples of Christ use their gifts and talents to respond in faith in prayer and____

action

In 1305 a French archbishop Clement V was elected as pope. The pope decided to move to ___, which was the beginning of the ___.

Avignon, Avignon papacy

The Avignon papacy was bad because the pope is a universal Shepherd and the bishop of Rome because ___ was the bishop of Rome

Peter

The Avignon papacy made the papacy dependent on the___ state.

French

What caused the western schism?

The death of Pope Gregory XI, the election of Pope urban VI, the declaration of urban VI's election as invalid

In 1409 the French and Italian Cardinals met in___ and elected a new pope, Alexander.

Pisa

The western schism ended when the council of___ was summoned in 1415

Constance

What significant change did Martin Luther make to the Old Testament in 1529?

Dropped seven books

What is Martin Luther famous for doing and what was it a catalyst for?

Nailing 95 theses to the church doors in Germany, it was a catalyst for the protestant reformation

What does Martin Luther's principle of Sola Gratia state about the role of Grace in human actions?

Grace alone enables any good action by man

What does Martin Luther's principle of Solo Christo emphasize about the focus of scripture?

Every book in scripture must be centered on Christ

According to Luther’s Sola Scriptura, who or what gives individuals the authority to interpret scriptures

The Holy Spirit gives individuals authority to interpret scriptures

What does Luther’s Sola Fide suggest about the relationship between faith and man’s righteousness

Faith changes man's legal standing before God, but he remains sinful

Which of Martin Luther's principles emphasizes that scripture will is the authority for guiding the church

Sola Scriptura

According to Martin Luther's principle of Sola Fide, what is the role of faith?

Faith alone changes man’s legal standing before God

What does Martin Luther's concept of consubstantiation state about Christ presence in the Eucharist and how does that differ from the Catholic understanding of the Eucharist?

Luther's concept of consubstantiation states that Christ is present with the Eucharist (not in it as stated in Catholicism)

Which concept in Calvinism suggest that human beings are incapable of being righteous due to the negative consequences of original sin

Total depravity

What is the Calvinist belief that God has chosen some people to be counted as righteous without any conditions?

Unconditional election

Which Calvinist doctrine states that the effect of the atonement are limited only to those whom God has chosen

Limited atonement

What is the Calvinist believe that God's grace to affect election cannot be refused

Irresistible Grace

Which Calvin asserted those who, elected by God are unconditionally and eternally secure in their salvation

Perseverance of the Saints

How are issues of discipline and doctrine debated during the council of Trent

By theologians in front of bishops, who then met along to write and vote

What was the purpose of publishing Church’s teachings in the catechism?

To allow the faith to be taught accurately and uniformly throughout the world

What is the Church’s teaching on salvation, faith, and works according to the Counter Reformation

No one can merit initial grace of justification, but once in the state of Grace, we can merit graces for ourselves and others

What does the church teach about original original sin?

It wounds man's nature, but does not leave him totally corrupt

What was Saint Teresa of Avila known for doing during the Counter-Reformation

Founding the Discalced Carmelites and writing ”Way of Perfection”

How was Saint Ignatius of Loyola order the “Society of Jesus” different from previous religious orders

They adopted a vow of obedience to the pope to be sent anywhere for the work of the church

What did King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy declare in 1534?

The Kings absolute authority over the church in England

What did King Henry VIII & Parliament’s “six articles” clarify in 1539

The teachings of the Anglican church against Luther teachings

What significant action did Queen Mary I take in 1554?

Reunited the Anglican Church with the Catholic Church

Who reinstated Henry's Act of Supremacy?

Queen Elizabeth I

Luther who

Who: German theologist that started the Protestant reformation.

Luther when

When: 1483-1546

Luther why

Why: His actions gave rise to Protestantism.

Calvin who

Who: French theologian who was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation and developed Calvinism.

Calvin when

1509-1564

Calvin why

His actions gave rise to calvinism

Henry VIII who

Who: King of England that created the Anglican Church because he wanted to get a divorce.

Henry VIII when

1491-1547

Henry VIII why

Created the church of England

Charlemagne who

Who: Medieval ruler who ruled most of W. Europe.

Charlemagne when

748-814

Charlemagne why

United Rome and restored the Western Roman Empire.

St. Bernard of Clairvaux who

Who: French Cistercian monk who founded the abbey of Clairvaux and helped build the reforming Cistercian monastic order.

St. Bernard of Clairvaux when

1090-1153

St. Bernard of Clairvaux

Helped build the reformed Cistercian Monastic Order.

St. Francis of Assisi who

Who: Italian founder of the Franciscan order.

St. Francis of Assisi when

1181-1226

St. Francis of Assisi why

He founded the Franciscan order.

St. Dominic who

Who: Spanish founder of the Dominican order.

St. Dominic when

1170-1221

St. Dominic why

He founded the Dominican order.

St. Thomas Aquinas who

Who: Italian Dominican friar, created a synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology.

St. Thomas Aquinas when

1225-1274

St. Thomas Aquinas why

Author of the Summa Theologiae.

The Photian Schism who

Who: Michael III, Photius.

The Photian Schism when

863-867

The Photian Schism why

Michael III appointed Photius (a lay scholar) as Patriarch of Constantine which the Pope opposed.

The Iconoclasm controversy who

Who: Emperor Leo III the Isaurian, Saint Gregory II, Constantine V Copronymus, Leo IV.

The Iconoclasm Controversy when

8th-9th centuries

The iconoclasam controversy why

Controversy surrounding the veneration and use of religious images (icons).

The Council of Trent who

Who: Pope Paul III, Catholic clerics.

The Council of Trent when

1545

The Council of Trent why

Response to the Protestant reformation.

St. Elizabeth Ann Seton who

Who: First American Saint, founded the Sisters of Charity, founded some of the first Catholic schools in the U.S.

St. Elizabeth Ann Seton when

1774-1821

St. Elizabeth Ann Seton why

Sowed the seeds of Catholic education in the U.S, first American saint.

The Western schism who

Who: Pope Urban VI, Pope Clement VII.

The Western schism when

1378-1417

The Western schism why

Schism that moved the church to Avignon, France for a period of time, but in the end the church moved back to Rome.

The great schism of 1054 who

Who: Pope Leo IX, Patriarch Michael Cerularius.

The great schism of 1054 when

1054

The great schism of 1054 why

Split of Christianity into the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.