LC Biology- structure of flowering plants and transport

Tissue

A group of similar cells that together perform a specialized function.

Root

An organ that anchors the plant to the soil, absorbs minerals and water, and often stores carbohydrates.

Tap root

Type of root that consists of a main root that gives rise to many smaller lateral roots.

Transpiration

The controlled release of excess water from the stomata of the leaf

Warm , Dry , Sunny , Breezy Day

Name 4 environmental factors to maximise the rate of photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide Absorption

Environmental factor which effects the opening / closing of stomata ( Transpiration )

Root Pressure created by Osmosis

Cohesion ( Water to Water )

Adhesion ( Water to Xylem )

Transpirational Pull caused by Evaporation

4 stages of the transpiration stream

Dixon and Jolly

Scientists who developed the Cohesion / Tension Model

Lateral roots

Roots that branch off from the taproot.

Root hairs

A tiny extension of a root cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Stem

Organ of the plant which provides structure and support to the plant

Petiole

The points at which leaves are attached to the stem.

Apical bud

A bud at the tip of a plant stem; also called a terminal bud.

Leaf

The main photosynthetic organ.

Dermal tissue

Type of tissue that makes up the plant's outer protective covering

Cuticle

This waxy coating on the epidermal surface, helps prevent water loss.

Vascular tissue

tissue made up of Xylem and phloem. Allows transport of materials through the plant

Xylem

Cells that transport water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots.

Phloem

Cells that transports glucose from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Ground tissue

Plant tissues that acts as storage and support.

Lignin

Found in xylem cells for added structure and support

Tracheids (Xylem)

A type of xylem cell with long, thin cells with tapered ends.

Xylem Vessels

A type of Xylem cell that is formed by the end to end connection of cylindrical elements.

Sieve-tube elements

A living cell that transports nutrients in the phloem .Connected end to end they form sieve tubes.

Sieve plates

Have pores that facilitate the flow of fluid from phloem cell to phloem cell

Companion cell

Along with sieve tube element and sieve plates , these form the phloem

Meristems

Cells responsible for growth in plants.

Zone of Differentiation

The part of a root / shoot where plant cells get allocated a specific function ( like stem cells )

Root cap

Part of the root that protects the delicate meristem as the root pushes through the soil

Stomata

Pores that allow exchange of CO2 and O2 .Found on the under surface of the leaf

Herbaceous

A flowering plant that doesnt develop secondary thickening ( form wood )

Monocotyledon

A plant whose seed develops into 1 seed leaf

Dicotyledon

A plant whose seed develops into 2 seed leaves

Guard cells

Regulate the opening and closing of the stomata