The Later Middle Ages

(from Chap. 11 of my textbook)

feudal system

a highly stratified system of kings, nobles, knights based on owning land in the exchange of labor or services. Peasants technically aren’t apart of the feudal system as they owned no land.

manor system

the method of land ownership, where a lord would have many servants who supported the land

Roman Catholic Church

largest, oldest, and most influential branch of Christianity with beliefs in the Nicene Creed (first meeting of what Christianity was about)

Black Death

a pneumatic plague in the mid-1300s that ravaged 25% to 50% of Europe’s population

Hundred Years’ War

a war of succession between England and France; cause of the war was primarily the claim of the French crown

cannon

a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant

longbow

a type of tall bow that makes a fairly long draw

French papacy

the seven popes during c.1340 that resided in Avignon, France rather than Rome, Italy; influenced skepticism regarding the Catholic Church

Great Schism

the schism that started in c.1050 that divided Christianity in the West (Roman Catholic Church) and the East (Orthodox Church)

pogrom

violent riot with the aim of massacring or displacing an ethnic group, particularly Jews