AP English Language & Composition Vocab Test #2

simile

Comparing two things using like or as

Personification

Giving human traits to an object

Hyperbole

Overexaggerating something

Scheme

To make plans with ulterior motives

Parallelisms

Repeated syntax similarities introduced for rhetorical effect

Juxtaposition

The fact of two things being close together with contrasting effect

Antithesis

Figure of speech which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are opposites of each other

Periodic Sentence

A sentence having clauses leading to a single main independent clause

Cumulative Sentence

Cumulative subordinate constructions(phrases/clauses) after an independent clause

Annotation

An explanation or comment on a text

Topic Sentence

States main idea of a paragraph

Imagery

Uses vivid details to make reader imagine the scene

Oxymoron

When apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction

Dialectal Journal

A reading tool used to create a conversation with text using a two column format

Zeugma

When a word applies to two others in different senses or two others of which it semantically suits only one

Graphic Organizer

A concept or mind map

Archaic

Very old or old fashioned

Complex sentences

A sentence with one independent clause and one dependent clause

Declarative sentences

A sentence that makes a statement, states a fact, or provides information that ends with a period

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences

Antimetabole

When text is repeated but reversed

Hortative Sentence

A sentence that encourages or urges someone to do a specific action

Imperative Sentence

Gives a command, request, instruction, or advice to a listener

Alliteration

Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words close to each other

Allusion

Used to make people think of something without directly stating it.

Asyndeton

Missing a conjunction between parts of a sentence

Inversion

Inverting a sentence without changing its meaning

Metonymy

The substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant

Rhetorical Question

A question asked to create dramatic effect or a point rather than to get an answer

Documentation

The process of classifying and annotating texts, photographs, etc.

Sarcasm

The use of irony to mock or convey contempt

Irony

The expression of someone’s meaning by using language that says the opposite

Satire

Art of making someone or something look ridiculous increasing laughter in order to embarrass or discredit its targets

Rhetorical Strategy

A technique used in communication to persuade, inform, or engage an audience

Rhetorical Device

A technique or tool used in writing or speech to make language more persuasive, compelling, or impactful by adding emphasis, clarity or emotion

Mythos

A traditional or recurrent narrative theme or plot structure

Jargon

Special words that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand

Vulgar

Lacking sophistication or good taste

Scholarly

Involving or relating to serious academic study

Syllogism

A form of reasoning which a conclusion is drawn from two given or presumed premises, each shares a term with the conclusion and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion