alcohols and carboxylic acids

what are the three ways of manufacturing ethanol

hydration of ethene, fermentation, oxidation

what are the three conditions used in hydration of ethene

catalyst- phosphoric acid
temperature- 300 C
pressure- 60-70 atm

what is the word equation for hydration of ethene

ethene + water -> ethanol

what is the chemical equation of hydration of ethene

C2H4 +H20 -> C2H5OH

is the ethanol in hydration of ethene pure or impure

pure

what are the two naturally occurring raw ingredients

crude oil, water

what are the conditions used in the fermentation if ethanol

catalyst- enzymes in yeast
optimum temp- 30 C

what is the word equation for fermentation

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

what is the chemical equation for fermentation

C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH +2CO2

why is 30 C the optimum temp for fermentation

otherwise, enzymes denature, or reaction will be too slow if it is colder

why does fermentation take place anaerobically

if oxygen were present, the yeast produces carbon dioxide and water instead of ethanol.

is the ethanol produced by fermentation pure or impure

impure- use distillation to make the product purer

what is the word equation for complete combustion with alcohols (ethanol)

ethanol + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

what is the chemical equation for complete combustion of butanol

C4H0H + 6O2 -> 4Co2 + 5H2O

what are the three ways alcohols can be oxidized

- complete combustion
-microbial oxidation
-heating acids with potassium dichromate in dilute sulfuric acid

which carboxylic acid is produced by the microbial oxidation of propanol

propanoic acid

if methanoic acid is produced by microbial oxidation which acid was a reactant

methanol

what is the method for creating ethanol with potassium dichromate

in a test tube:
- add a few drops of ethanol
-potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)- it is orange and a strong oxidizing agent
-dilute sulfuric acid has H+ ions which are needed to allow potassium dichromate to act as an oxidizing agent

what is the reaction with heating alcohols to potassium dichromate in dilute sulfuric acid

CH3CH2OH + 2(O) -> CH3COOH + H2O

what is the colour change with heating alcohols to potassium dichromate in dilute sulfuric acid

orange -> green