BIO - Transcription

what is the central dogma

DNA - transcription - RNA - translation - proteins

inhiation

when RNA polymerase bonds to a promoter, untwisting the double helix

elongation

the creation of a complementary RNA strand as RNA polymerase moves along the DNA adding nucleotides, making the chain longer

termination

when RNA polymerase encounters a terminator which forces it to detach and release RNA

DNA bases

ATCG, double bonds

RNA bases

AUCG, single bond

C-G

3 bonds, stronger

A-T

2 bonds, weaker

where does translation take place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

cytoplasm

where does transcription take place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and why

eu = nucleus, nuclear envelope separates the two processes

pro = cytoplasm, no nuclear envelope to separate

acetylation

loosens DNA around histones, easier for promoter to bind to activation site

methylation

tightens DNA around histones, harder for promoters to bind to activation site

pre-mRNA

transcript that comes off of template strand

mRNA

pre-mRNA after RNA processing

polycistronic mRNA

pre-mRNA that contains info for more than one gene

what requires RNA processing

eukaryotes, because they have a nucleus the maturation of pre-mRNA to RNA is necessary for protection and export

eukaryotic transcript processing

5’ end gets a modified nucleotide 5’ cap, 3’ end gets a poly-tail. This is done in order to protect the mRNA during export and helps ribosomes bind to 5’ end

introns

non coding regions of RNA/DNA, not wanted in final product

exons

coding regions of RNA/DNA, wanted in final product

RNA splicing

getting rid of introns and joining exons to make a proper sequence of mRNA

RNA alternative splicing

splicing pre-mRNA in different ways in order to yield different mRNA and proteins, exons can be cut out to create variety

spliceosomes

carries out RNA splicing

domain

the discrete regions in modular architecture of proteins