Chapter 2- Intro to Criminal Justice 1010

the prohibition amendment (Volstead Act)

constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcohol

international association of chiefs of police (IACP)

nonprofit international organization providing training and education opportunities for police

the prohibition amendment (Volstead Act)

constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcohol

international association of chiefs of police (IACP)

nonprofit international organization providing training and education opportunities for police

uniform crime report (UCR)

FBI publication that offers official crime data in the US

Part 1 offneses

8 categories of offenses reported in summary form in the UCR (murder and non-negligent homicide, rape, aggravated assault, burglary, arson, robbery, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft)

violent crime index

the rate of crimes reported in the part 1 offenses

Part 2 offenses

reported in the UCR, consist of 21 less serious offenses such as simple assault, sex offenses, and drug abuse violations

clearance rate

a measure indication the successful application of charges made by police against an offender

Solved means…

they are reasonably sure of suspect

cleared means…

suspect has been arrested or other variables (death, immunity, statutes, etc.)

crime clock

a visual depiction of crime as it is estimated to occur by the minute in the US; reports official police data

national incident-based reporting system (NIBRS)

improves quality of crime data collected by police by capturing more details about individual incidents based on offender, victim, and incident level characteristics

hierarchy rule

UCR practice of reporting only the most serious of crimes in a series of criminal events (most serious=multiple offenses, multiple victims of 1 incident=single crime)

national crime victimization survey (NCVS)

national survey of households administered by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) as to criminal victimization

dark figure of crime statistics

the proportion of crime that goes unreported for varied reasons

Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

a primary source for criminal justice statistics that compiles reports on many aspects of the criminal justice system including federal, state, and local criminal justice data

national criminal justice reference service (NCJRS)

federally funded resource offering justice and drug-related information to support research, policy, and other programs

sourcebook of criminal justice statistics

a publication funded by the US department of justice, brings together data from 200+ sources about criminal justice in the US

crime awareness and campus security act 1992

law that requires campuses to make public disclosure of crimes occurring on campus

safe and drug-free schools and communities act 1996

law that requires collection of data, frequency, seriousness, and incidences of violence in elementary and secondary schools

victimization

the process of being victimized or becoming a victim of crime

crime statistics

the gather, analysis, and interpretation of crime data

longitudional comparisons

examinations of crime data recorded at one time period with crime data from another time period

dislocation

hypothesis that motivated criminal offenders to smaller communities with fewer resources when deterred by crime control measures in larger, more resourceful cities

secondary victimization

victimization caused not by criminal act, but through inappropriate response of institutions and individuals

victims right movement

the dissatisfaction of victims with the neglect and minimization of harm suffered, leading victims’ movement to provide them with specific rights

national organization for victim assistance (NOVA)

organization that helped pass the 1982 victim and witness protection act and the 1984 victims of crime act

presidents task force on victims of crime

task fore that makes recommendations for new legislation to be enacted to protect the rights and interests of crime victims in criminal justice system

crime victims rights act

2004 law that guarantees crime victim’s a number of rights, including protection and restitution