Jasmine Brown — Twice as Hard

Rhodes Scholarship

A prestigious international scholarship that enables students to study at the University of Oxford.

Microaggressions

Subtle, often unintentional, discriminatory comments or behaviors directed at a marginalized group.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A landmark Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Flexner Report

A 1910 report that recommended reforms in medical education and led to the closing of many Black medical schools.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority

The first sorority founded by Black college-educated women in 1908, focused on community service.

Maternal Mortality

The death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.

Intersectionality

A framework that examines how various social identities such as race, gender, and class intersect to create unique experiences of oppression.

Antiseptic Surgery

A surgical practice aimed at preventing infection by using sterile techniques.

Mobile Health Clinics

Healthcare facilities on wheels that provide medical services directly to underserved communities.

Racial Discrimination

Unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals based on their race.

Systemic Barriers

Institutional practices and policies that create obstacles for certain groups of people.

Hidden Curriculum

The implicit lessons and cultural norms that are not part of the formal educational curriculum.

Diversity in Medicine

The inclusion of individuals from various backgrounds in the medical profession to better reflect the population served.

Rebecca Lee Crumpler's Achievement

The first African American woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, graduating from Boston University in 1864.

Impact of Rebecca Lee Crumpler

Pioneering physician who focused on providing medical care to freed slaves and underserved communities.

Idith Erby Jones

A pioneering African American nurse and educator known for her contributions to nursing education and advocacy for Black nurses.

Impact of Idith Erby Jones

Jones worked to increase the representation of Black nurses in the profession and advocated for improved nursing standards.

Idith Erby Jones's Historic Achievement

Idith Erby Jones was the first African American to attend a previously white-only medical school in the Jim Crow South, breaking racial barriers in medical education.

Dr. Joycelyn Elders' Career Change

Dr. Joycelyn Elders shifted her career aspirations from a Dillard's salesclerk to becoming a medical doctor after meeting Dr. Idith Erby Jones.

Historic Achievement of Dr. Joycelyn Elders

In 1993, Dr. Joycelyn Elders was appointed as the US Surgeon General by President Bill Clinton, becoming the first African American and second woman to hold the position.