AP Human Geo Units 2-7 Vocab

The pattern of where people live

The pattern of where people live

Population Distribution

The maximum number of people that an area can support

Carrying Capacity

Something that encourages a person to migrate away from a place

Push Factor

A graph showing the age-sex distribution of a given population

Population Pyramid

Something positive that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than the one they originally desired

Intervening Opportunity

The number of mothers who die in childbirth for every thousand births

Maternal Mortality Rate

When people are required by outside factors to move away from their homes

Forced Migration

The growth of a population in a year, calculated as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Natural Increase

People forced to migrate for similar reasons to refugees but who do not cross an international border

Internally Displaced Persons

A model describing population in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life

Demographic Transition Model

Model that predicts population growth in response to changes in death rates & causes of death

Epidemiological Transition Model

Someone who migrates to another country with the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Asylum Seeker

The person who suggested that the world’s population was growing faster than the rate of food production and that population needed to be curbed

Malthus

The seasonal migration of livestock between highlands and lowlands

Transhumance

The type of policy designed to increase birth and fertility rates

Pronatalist

A type of migration from one place to another within the same country

Internal

The number of live births per every 1000 people

Birth Rate

A type of migration when people move to a place because relatives or community members previously moved there

Chain Migration

The percentage of people in a population who are too young or old to work and rely on the support of working adults

Dependency Ratio

The period in the 1960s and 1970s in the U.S. when fertility rates dropped significantly

Bust

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land in a place

Agricultural Density

The study of population characteristics

Demography

The average number of years a person can be anticipated to live

Life Expectancy

When large numbers of educated or skilled workers leave their country for better opportunities elsewhere

Brain Drain

The number of deaths per every 1000 people in a place

Death Rate

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants in a place

Net Migration

Positive features or incentives that attract people to move to a place

Pull Factor

Money that migrants send back to family and friends in their home country

Remittances

Migration that is done by choice

Voluntary

When the Crude Birth Rate is equal to the Crude Death Rate

Zero Population Growth

A person forced to leave their home and travel to another country due to persecution or hardship

Refugee

A population policy enforced by the Chinese Government from 1979-2015

One Child Policy

Migration that is completed in a series of moves

Step Migration

A calculation of the total number of people living in a given area per unit land

Arithmetic Density

An immigrant with a short term work visa

Guest Worker

A calculation of the number of people per unit of arable land

Physiological Density

The sharp increase in the birth rate in the U.S. following WWII

Baby Boom

The German geographer who established the 11 “Laws of Migration”

Ravenstein

To move out of an area

Emigrate

The average number of children born to each woman in a place during the course of her lifetime

Total Fertility Rate

A survey that counts the population of an area and records information about its characteristics.

Census

The projected duration it will take for a population to increase twofold

Doubling Time

When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of an area

Overpopulation

A population policy that discourages people from having children

Antinatalist

A limit on the number of people who can immigrate to an area annually

Quota

A place of origin for a cultural trend

Hearth

The largest language family

Indo-European

The idea that a person’s beliefs and actions should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture

Cultural Relativism

A type of diffusion where innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations

Expansion

The emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences

Sense of Place

The religion with the most followers in the world

Christianity

A type of diffusion where innovations spread through the physical movement of people from one place to another

Relocation Diffusion

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Creolized Language

The religion in which followers pursue Nirvana

Buddhism

The religion that has Orthodox, Conservative and Reformed denominations

Judaism

The process in which two or more languages converge to form a new language

Creolization

When a less dominant culture adopts some traits of a more dominant culture

Acculturation

An individual whose job it is to spread their religion

Missionary

Support for the presence of several cultural or ethnic groups in a society

Multiculturalism

The theory that two cultures will become more alike the more they interact

Cultural Convergence

The belief that objects and natural events have a spirit and conscious life

Animism

The type of religion that attempts to appeal to all people

Universalizing

The type of culture practiced by relatively small, homogenous populations in particular areas.

Folk

A regional variant of a language distinguished by unique vocabulary and pronunciation

Dialect

A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions

Isogloss

The belief that there is only one God or divine being

Monotheism

Tendency for a culture to become different from others over time

Cultural Divergence

The term for languages derived from Vulgar Latin

Romance Languages

A restriction on behavior imposed by social customs

Taboo

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

Language Family

A type of religion passed from one generation to the next that does not try to appeal to all

Ethnic

Term for a language that is not part of any language family

Isolated

A religion that blends influences of Hinduism and Islam

Sikhism

The belief that God doesn’t exist

Atheism

Polytheism

Belief in or worship of more than one god.

Diffusion type where something spreads widely & rapidly through a population

Contagious

The religion for which the Koran is the holy text

Islam

A small group of people that has broken away from an established religion

Sect

The religion that counts karma as one of its core beliefs

Hinduism

A person who opposes immigration and favors those born in their country

Nativist

When a minority culture is absorbed into the culture of the majority

Assimilation

The feeling that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to others

Ethnocentrism

The blending of traits from two different cultures to form a new trait.

Syncretism

The alteration of the natural landscape by a culture group

Cultural Landscape

The kind of culture found in large heterogeneous societies

Popular

A neighborhood that retains some cultural distinction from a larger area

Ethnic Enclave

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to the basic principles of a religion.

Fundamentalism

A type of diffusion where an innovation or concept spreads from those with more power and influence to those with less

Hierarchical

The language used by the government for conducting business & official documents

Official Language

A type of diffusion where one culture receives an innovation from another and gives it a new unique form

Stimulus Diffusion

The belief that nothing can be known about whether or not God exists

Agnostic

that adopts simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a creolized language and is used by speakers of two different languages for communication

Pidgin Language

The idea that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Sequent Occupance

A group of people with common cultural characteristics.

Nation

A type of boundary that is a straight line that disregards geographic features.

Geometric

The political authority of a state to govern itself

Sovereignty

A type of boundary that is drawn on a map

Delimited

A state whose political boundaries correspond with its cultural boundaries.

Nation-State

A group of people who share common cultural characteristics but lack a state.

Stateless Nation

A meeting in the late 1800s at which the European powers determined the boundaries of their colonies in Africa

Berlin Conference