acids and bases final

respiratory acidosis causes (9)

CO2 retention, opioid overdose, COPD, asthma, pneumonia, respiratory depression, inadequate chest expansion, airway obstruction, reduced alveolar capillary diffusion

nursing interventions for respiratory acidosis (8)

maintain airway, ABG’s, vitals, administer supplemental oxygen, pulmonary hygiene, drug therapy, ventilatory support, monitor potassium levels

respiratory alkalosis causes (4)

increased alveolar ventilation, anxiety, fever (increases RR), mechanical ventilation

respiratory alkalosis sxs (5)

dizziness, confusion, tingling of extremities, convulsions, coma

respiratory alkalosis nursing interventions (8)

slow deep breathing, vitals, emotional support and reassurance, assist with ADLs, identify and eliminate causative agent, reduce fever, eliminate source of sepsis, reduce mechanical ventilator settings

metabolic acidosis causes (6)

lactic acidosis from poor perfusion or hypoxemia, DKA, starvation, heavy exercise, COPD, kidney failure

metabolic acidosis sxs (9)

kussmaul respirations, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, warm flushed dry skin, dehydration, fruity breath

metabolic acidosis treatment (4)

treat underlying cause, parenteral fluid replacement, antidiarrheals, dialysis (CKD)

metabolic alkalosis causes (9)

increased loss of acid through GI tract, vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, base excess caused by excessive intake of bicarbs, carbonates,acetates, citrates, antacid overdose

metabolic alkalosis nursing interventions (6)

discontinue NG suctioning, antiemetics, hemodynamic monitoring, assess LOC, Iv fluid admin, electrolyte supplements