Chapter 8 Q&A and Fill-ins

___ junction can function as a backup pacemaker

AV

Junctional rhythms are the result of _____ impulses coming from the _____ node rather than the SA node

electrical; AV

Junctional rhythms cause the atria to _____ backwards aka _____

depolarize; retrograde

Inverted __ waves are caused by retrograde

P

What causes the inverted P wave found with junctional rhythms?

retrograde

What is the inherent rate of the AV junction/node?

40-60bpm

The rate and rhythms of premature junctional complex depends on the _____ rhythm

underlying

What are the 4 options for P wave morphology for premature junctional complex?

inverted, before, during or after QRS complex

The PR interval of premature junctional complex depends on _____ of the P wave

location

For PJCs the PR interval is _____ than normal if P wave precedes QRS, _____ if P wave is buried in the QRS and not _____ if the P wave if after the QRS

shorter; absent; measureable

Isolated PJCs cause no _____ in healthy patients

symptoms

PJC patients may experience _____ and low cardiac output if PJCs occur more than __-__ times per minute

hypotension; 4-6

What are the distinguishing characteristics of premature junctonal complexes?

Irregular rhythm, inverted P wave may occur before, during, or after QRS complex

Junctional escape rhythm originates at the __ junction and produces retrograde _____ of atrial tissue

AV; depolarization

JER stimulates depolarization of _____

ventricles

What is the ventricular rate of JERs?

40-60bpm

Slower heart rate can lead to low cardiac output with what 2 major symptoms of JER?

Hypotension & confusion

What are the distinguishing features of junctional escape rhythm?

HR between 40-60. Inverted P wave occurs before, during, or after QRS complex

What is the HR for accelerated junctional rhythm?

60-100bpm

With AJR patients, it's _____ that patients will show signs of low cardiac output

unlikely

What are the distinguishing features of accelerated junctional rhythm?

HR 60-100. Inverted P wave occurs before, during or after QRS complex

What is the ventricular rate of junctional tachycardia?

100-180bpm

With JT, the effect on the patient depends on the _____ of junctional tachycardia

rate

JT is very serious of life-threatening after a recent what?

MI

What are the distinguishing features of JT?

100-180bpm. Inverted P wave occurs before, during or after QRS complex

What is the ventricular rate of supraventricular tachycardia?

150-250bpm

With SVT some rhythms result is in narrow or wide ____ ____

QRS complexes

With ST, patients may be stable or unstable and should be observed for low ____ ____

cardiac output

Where in the heart does a supraventricular tachycardia originate?

Either in the atria or AV junction