RADPATHO

--

PATHOLOGY

study of disease and how it impact the body

DISEASE

lack of ease (changes sa body)

IATROGENIC

adverse reaction sa treatment

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

acquired sa hospital 48 hours

PATHOGENESIS

growth or development of disease

SIGN

observable and objective

SYMPTOMS

subjective and patient perceptions

SYNDROME

group of sign and symptoms

ETIOLOGY

study of cause and origin of the disease

INFLAMMATION

wall off and sequester an injuries agent

HYPERMIA

dilating of capillaries to allow fluids and leukocytes to infiltrate the infected area

PHAGOCYTOSIS

leukocytes will remove cellular debris

IDIOPHATIC

no causative factor (hindi alam kung ano Yung cause ng pisang sakit

ACUTE DISEASE

quick and short term

CHRONIC DISEASE

slowly and long term

SEQUELE

lasting effect that may follow an acute illness

PROGNOSIS

outcome

MORPHOLOGY

structure of cells and tissue

EPIPEMIOLOGY

investigation of disease in large groups

PREVALENCE

numbers of cases found in given population

INCIDENCE

number of new cases found in given population

ABSCESS

walled off ball of pus

ULCERS

healing wound located sa skin or mucous membrane

CELLULITIS

acute bacterial infection of the skin (by product of bacterial reproduction; excretion methane)

EDEMA

accumulation of fluid in body cavities and intracellular spaces

TRANSUDATES

water (clear) Low cell count (e.g PLEURAL EFFUSION)

EXUDATES

blood, pus and water

ISCHEMIA

partial blockage due to plaque narrowing of blood vessels

INFARCT

total blockage -- loss of blood supply to organ --necrosis (cell death)

HEMORRHAGE

loss of blood sa circulatory system

HEMATOMA

blood pooling and internal bleeding

ECCIHYMOSIS

bruise nad contusion

PURPURA

red and purple spots due to platelet or coagulation disorder

PETECHIA

type of purpura; very small red and purple spot

APLASIA

inability of an organ and stucture to form properly (congenital development)

ATROPHY

decrease in size of cells

HYPERTROPHY

AKA: hyperplasia and hypergenesis --- increase in cell size

HYPERPLASIA

increase number of cell as a result excessive proliferation

METAPLASIA

conversion of one cell into another cell that is not normal

DYSPLASIA

abnormal changes of mature cells

NEOPLASM

abnormal proliferation of cell or new growth

CACHEXIA

left untreated and napabayaan na malignant tinatawag itong end stage of cancer

CARCINOMA

AKA: ADENOCARCINOMA ---epithelial tissue (breast, colon and pancreas

SARCINOMA

soft tissue and connective tissue (bone, cartilage, muscle and fat)

LUEKEMIA

blood forming tissue

ACUTE LEUKIAMIA- immature

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA- mature

LYMPOMA

Lymphatic tissue (white blood cells

NHL (Non Hodgkins)- most common ---start sa pancreas and lymph node

HL (Hodgkins)- lymph nodes swollen

BUTTERFLY VERTEBRA

congenital (butterfly appearance) AP PROJ

CERVICAL RIB

extra rice attached to C7

OSGOOD SCHLATTER DISEASE

common in young athlete (knee pain)---tibial tuberosity becomes inflamed

OSTEOGENISIS IMPERFECTA

(BRITTLE BONE DISEASE)-- congenital bones that easily break ---insufficient amount of protein- type 1 collagen

OSTEOPENIA

decrease in the number of osteocytes

OSTEOPETROSIS

(MARBLE BONE) (INCREASED IN BONE DENSITY)(WASHED OUT APPEARANCE)---disorder of the endochondral ossification

DEXA- dual energy x-ray absortiometry --non invasive to measure bone mineral density

OSTEOMALACIA

(RICKETS) “BOWING OR GREENSTICK----softening of the bone ---insufficient of vitamin D and calcium or sun

OSTEOMYELITIS

bacterial bone infection--destruction or abcess formation

Brodies abcess- tibia; Sequestrum- vascular “island”

\--Bone in bone formation

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

(CANDY STICK)-- inflamed synovial membranes “freezing” --joint, ligament, tendons muscle and blood vessel

\*affect women than men

ANKLOSING SPONDYLITIS

(BAMBOO SPINES)--degenerative start sa sacroiliac and spread sa spine

GOUT

purine metabolic; high uric acid

OSTEOARTHRITIS

most common degenerative joint disease

PAGETS DISEASE

(OSTEITIS DEFORMANS)-- abnormal cycle and excessive growth and thickening bone (pelvis, lumbar and skull)

AVASCULAR NECROSIS

bone ischemia--inflammation-necrosis

\--femoral head, shoulder and knee (MRI)-- causes:steroid, trauma and alcohol

SPONDILOSIS

fracture sa L5 and L1

SPONDYLITIS

inflammation of vertebra

SPONDYLOLITHSTESIS

forward movement \*treatment- brace and surgery

OSTEOPOIKILOSIS

(SPOTTED BONE)--osteoscleretic bone dysplasia ---produce small radiopaque densities “bone island”

OSTEOLYTIC

decreased bone density; Lucent appearance

OSTEOBLASTIC

increased bone density; opaque appearance

ENCHONDROMA

benign; found in bone marrow ‘young adult’ (hand, feet and ribs

\-- radiolucent “cystic” with calcium deposits

OSTEOCHONDROMA

(MUSHROOM AND CAULIFLOWER) BONE SPUR

\--found in metaphysis of long bone, ribs and pelvis (cartilaginous cap)

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

most common type of primary malignant bone tumor

“multicentric or punched out” osteolytic lesions

Bence Jones protein found in urine

OSTEOSARCOMA

second most common type of malignant bone tumor

Ages-20-25 and 50% around knee

CHONDROSARCOMA

expansile osteolytic

10% of all malignant skeletal system

FIBROSARCOMA

(MOTH EATHEN)- primary cancer usually sa knee and pelvis

SECONDARY BONE CANCER

most common type of malignancy

\*Osteolytic and Osteoblastic

BRONCHOPNEUMIA

(PATCH APPEARANCE) caused by bacterial infection airway spread to alveoli

ASPIRATION PNEUMONA

inhaled foreign material

LUNG ABSCESS

necrotic area of lung containing pus

TUBERCULOSIS/CONSUMPTION

inhaling mycobacteria

PRIMARY TB- children young adult na never had disease before (nagagamot pa)

SECONDARY TB- reinfection (bumalik nagging scar)

MILIARY OR HEMATOGENOUS TB

(BIRDSEED, GRAINY, MILLET LIKE)--- mycobacteria enter circulatory system

MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TB

resistant two or more medication -- patient do not take their prescription properly

PLUMBAGE

ping pong ball

THORACOPLASTY

remove 7 ot 8 ribbs to collapse lungs

HISTOPLASMOSIS

inhaled soil, bat or bird \*fungal medication

BRONCHOECTASIS

dilated bronchi due to bacterial infection

COPD

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (smoking)

EMPYSEMA

destruction of bronchi and alveoli

(BULLA AND BARREL CHEST)

BULLA

large pockets of empty space within the lungs

PNEUMOCONIOSIS

inhaled dust or particle (pulmonary fibrosis)

SILICON

inhaled silicon dioxide(patchy lung consodilation)

ASBESTOSIS

inhaled asbestos dust

BLACK LUNG

inhaled coal dust

PULMUNORY EMBOLUS

(HAMPTONS HUMP)--- blood clot that break of from vein in the legs \*DVT- deep vein thrombosis

INFERIOR VENA CAVE FILTERS

device to combat deep vein thrombosis and to prevent blood clots

LUNG CANCER

most common death \*biopsy

BRONCOGENIC CARCINOMA

primary lung cancer sa respiratory epithelium

PULMONARY METASTASIS

(CLASSIC COTTON BALL) ----secondary lung cancer (lymphatic and circulatory) \*breast, colon, prostate

PULMONARY EDEMA

fluid sa misming lungs -- decreased gas exchange --secondary CHF \*oxygen and diuretic

ATELECTASIS

lung collapsed

PNEUMOTHORAX

air in pleural space due to trauma chest

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX

BALL VALVE TYPE FISTULA

SUBCUTANEOUD EMPHYSEMA

air enter sorrounding tissue

CREPATION- crackling and popping noise