bahay kubo and bato

Nipa hut

Nipa hut

– native houses of the indigenous people of the PH before Spaniards arrived, still used today

TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE

– to suit the climate and environment of the ph, high temperatures and humidity, frequent rains and typhoons

OPEN AND TRANSPARENT

deeply rooted in filipino culture & tradition, hospitality and openness, communal living and connection w/ nature, humility, resilience

natural ventilation

open design allows for maximum airflow throughout the house, air can freely circulate

LIGHT

lightweight and locally sourced materials such bamboo, wood, nipa palm nomadic or semi-nomadic – moving from place to place depending on agricultural cycles

sibi (eaves)

portion of the thatch roof that extend beyond the wall

balangkas (framework)

skeletal element of a roof or wall, assembled or fitted together to handle the exterior elements or finishes

batalan (washing area)

– small space adjacent to the cooking area w/ service door, washing hand/feet

bulwagan (main house)

main section of the house used as living, dining, sleeping area

silong (underneath the house)

enclosed/open space under the house where harvests are stored, tools are kept, livestock are tended

pasibi (lean-to roof)

single slope extension of a gable or hip type roof

sagang (railing)

waist-level railing made using bamboo used as an enclosed and protected porch area

hagdan (stairs)

main access to the house w/ the entire framework made from bamboo or w/ wood

banguerahan

elevated counter made of bamboo strips projecting beyond the kitchen wall, store food

sahig (flooring)

bamboo strips laid perpendicular to the floor joists, closely laid or w/ ample spaces

patukuran (secondary beam)

whole bamboo laid over the main beam to carry the floor joists

soleras (floor joists)

whole bamboo laid parallel w/ each other about 12-15in over the secondary bea,

yawi (main beam)

– whole bamboo horizontally laid to define perimeter of the house and tied firmly on each post w/ rattan strips

bubong (roof)

– steep thatch roof made from either bamboo, cogon grass, anahaw, nipa shingles as protection and shade from the sun and torrential rains

dingding (wall)

finished walls assembled on the ground tightly secured using rattan strips

bamboo latticework

sala-sala

interlaced bamboo

amakan

woven bamboo

sawali

woven coconut leaves

sulirap

haligi (post)

whole bamboo, vertically set up to support the floor and roof members

binaon (burried)

post buried on the ground

pinatong (placed on)

post set up above a stone slab

silid

private room used for sleeping

dapogan

– table on top of which is the river stone, shoe-shaped stove or kalan

bangguera

banggerahan, place for drying and storing pots and pans, etc

batalan

unroofed area where water jars are kept

Bahay na bato

refers to a style of traditional house that emerged during the colonial period when the ph was under Spanish rule, house of stone, sturdy stone foundations and walls

GEOMETRIC STYLE (1780-1880)

surface decorations were kept to a minimum

FLORAL STYLE (3RD -9 TH CENTURY)

floral motifs were abundant all over the exterior, enriching the surfaces of soffit vents, corbels, iron grilles

Teha, teja, roof tile

– one of the thin roofing tiles covering the roof made from burnt clay semicylindrical

tehado, tiled roof

– roof finished w/ curved or flat pieces of burnt-clay tiles

mirador

viewing space on a towerlike structure built above the main house or at an azotea

kaida, antesala

transition space right after the stair, leading to sala or to komedor, caer (to fall)

kuwarto

room usually adjacent to the sala with kama, tokador, aparador, mesa

sala

central room in a filipino house often facing the street or plaza, family’s leisure and social activities

bodega

enclosed room or space where things are stored

saguan, zaguan

space after the entrance that serves as transition space between entrance and grand stairs, storage for carriages, processional floats

azotea, asotea

flat roof of the alhibe (cistern) usually at the back of the kusina and is used as an elevated outdoor terrace or service area

banyo

a room intended for washing or bathing

cubeta

room w/ latrina, receptacle for human waste where ash from the kusina is poured to eliminate odor

kusina, cocina

– room where food is prepared and cooked

komedor, comedor

space adjacent to the kusina where meals are served

dispensa

service room adjacent to kusina and komedor for storing food supplies and other provisions

alhibe

enclosed masonry structure for storing water for household and other uses

tindahan

space at the ground level that is adjacent to the streets and utilized for commercial purposes

aksesorya

an extension or annex to a house

kalado, calado

one of the upright ornamental wood panels w/ decorative patterns

kisame, quisame

the overhead often horizontal surface in a room either made of wood or metal, conceal underside of roofs or floors

kostilyahe, costillaje

– ceiling joist, series of square or rectangular lumbers to which the ceiling is fixed

artesonado

coffered, carved or highly patterned wooden ceiling

espeho, Espejo

panel between the window header and the eaves for exterior wall and above the door jamb

persiana, perciona

louver window, window w/ wooden frame and thin slanting wooden slats

sahig, zuelo

horizontal, levelled surface in a room on which one walks and stands

silya, silla

– seat use for relaxation, recreation, entertaining guests

hagdan, escalera

basic means of accessing upper floors comprised of a series of steps, landing

pasamano

narrow wooden rail on top of a balustrade that is usually at waist level to provide a handhold

madreng-hagdan

stringer, long parallel piece of lumber that holds and supports the stairs’ steps and railings

barandilya

– low barrier enclosing a stair composed of a rail for grasping w/ hand and decorative wood panels

tramo de escalera, kahabaan ng hagdan

– continuous series of steps in a stair between landings or floor

contrahuela, takip silipan

vertical woodboard between stair treads that cover the opening between treads

meseta

– horizontal platform either at the foot or end flight of a stair

baiting, huella

horizontal upper surface of a step in a stair usually of wood or stone materials

sliding windows treated with capiz shells

veranda with sturdy balustrades treated with wood or iron grilles

second floor projection

stone or brick walls

sturdy wooden collumns

sturdy planked door studded with wrought iron or brass nails

zaguan

comun

patio

latrin

banggera

estresuelo

area where tenants clients wait before entering in the office

Accessoria

– apartment-type dwelling characterized by common party walls shared by adjoining units w/ a separate door in front of each

aljibe/cistern

tank for storing water

antesala/caida

small room before the dining room

aparador de tres lunas

Armoire with three sections / Cabinet with three sections

azotea

– open-air balcony beside the kitchen that housed a cistern and the bathroom, usually a work area

atlas, atlantes

column in the shape of a man

balconaje, balcon

balcony

banggera

A wooden dish rack that extends outside the kitchen window. After the dishes are washed, they are placed here to be air-dried. The inverted cups are placed on the ends of the wooden sticks and the plates are placed in between or above the slats. On the far left is a tapayan/banga, an earthenware jar that keeps water cool.

bañera

– bathtub

baño/banyo

bathroom

barandillas

railing or balustrade (usually wooden)

barrigones

– buntis (or bombere, pregnant) grillworks on windows, to accommodate planters

batalan

Rear part of house used for washing and water storage, with a flooring often made of slatted bamboo; more a part of a bahay kubo (but may be present as well at the rear of a bahay na bato)

baul mond

– traveling trunk

butaka

version of silla perezosa w/ no leg rests

caida

Landing on the upper entrance hall; foyer of the second floor; also called "antesala"

calado

- Lace-style fretwork or latticework used to adorn room dividers and to allow air to circulate

capilla

- Long bench, a staple item in the caida

capital

Topmost member of a column (or pilaster) mediating between the column and the load"

Capiz window

(Often) sliding window made of capiz shells cut into squares

caryatid

A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head