cha 2 Julianna Cengage MindTap Search this course Help & Info Read: Verderber/Sellnow/Verderber

Glassophobia (in America 15% of Americans have this phobia)

The fear of unlicensed speaking

Three phases from researchers are?

Anticipation, confrontation, and adaption

Anticipation phase

Is the anxiety we experience before giving a speech (both hole preparing and waiting to speak)

Confrontation phase

Is the surge of anxiety we feel as w begin reliving the speech

Adaption phase (Begins when and level off when?)

Is the period during our speech tends to level gradual decrease (Begins minuet 1 elevens off minute 5)

Self-talk

Intrapersonal communication regarding perceived success or failure in a particular situation

Where doses Negative Self-talk come from?

3 common roots are~ Biological based temperament , previous experience, and levels of skills

Most of us become apprehensive because?

We don’t know how to plan or prepare effectively for our public resentation

Performance orientation

Believing in the need to impress a hypercritical audience with knowledge and deliver

Communication orientation

Viewing public speaking as a conversation with a number of people about an important topic and getting the message across

Communication orientation motivation (COM)

Adopt a “communication” rather than a ‘performance’ orientation toward speeches

Visualization

A method to reduce anxiety by picturing yourself giving a masterful Speech

Relaxation exercises

The use of breathing techniques and progressive muscle relaxation to reduce anxiety

Systematic desensitization

An anxiety-reduction method of gradually visualizing and then engaging in increasingly more frightening speaking events while remaining calm

Cognitive reconstructing

An anxiety-reduction method of systematics replacing negative self-talk with positive coming statements 4 steps: 1). identify your fear 2). Determine whether or not your fear is rational 3). Developing positive coping statements to replace negative self-talk 4). Incorporate positive statements into your life so they become second nature

Speech plan

A strategic method for achieving your effective speech goal

Use presentational aids

allows you to direct the audience’s attention toward something else at carefully placed points during your speech, which can diminish your sense of being constantly stared at and the anxiety that can accompany it.

Practice your speech aloud

practice your speech aloud, you get comfortable hearing yourself talk about your topic. You identify sections of the speech where your ideas may not flow

Dress up

reduce anxiety about being stared at because you will feel good about how you look

Choose an appropriate time to speak

If you have a choice, pick the time that works best for

Allow sufficient time to prepare

identify the topic and begin to prepare → spend at least 10 days to 2 weeks researching, organizing, and practicing your speech

Canons rhetoric

5 general rules for effective public speeches

Six speech action plan steps are: an effective speech plan

1). Selecting a specific speech goal that is appropriate to the rhetorical situation

2). Understand your audience and adapt to it

3). Gather and evaluate information

4). Organize ideas into well-structured outline

5). Choose, prepare, and use appropriate presentational aids

6). Practice oral language and delivery style

Speech goal

a specific statement of what you want your audience to know, believe, or do

5 canons for effective public speaking are? ( Was speaker focused. )

1). Invention - well developed content

2). Arrangement - clear organization

3). Style - appropriate language

4). Delivery - use of voice, body, and strategic presentation aids

5). Memory - creative polish

The general goal is usually either to

To inform, where your goal is shared understanding, or to persuade, where your goal is to convince your audience to believe something or persuade them to take action

Audience adaption → Step 2 section

The process of tailoring a speech to their needs, interests and expectations ~> of listeners

Step 4.