AP HuG Unit 3: Study Guide

unit 3 + some of the previous 2 units :p

Cultural Hearth

A geographic area where a culture originates and diffuses from.

Time Space Compression

The way modern technology has shortened the time for transportation, communication, and the movement of people, goods, and ideas across space.

Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of humans on the environment of a geographic region, such as roads, businesses, and buildings.

Ethnic Enclave

A neighborhood or small geographic region concentrated with people of the same ethnicity, having distinct language and tradition.

Local Culture vs Global Culture

Local culture is small, homogeneous, and slow to change, whereas global culture is large, heterogeneous, and quickly changes, often influenced by social media and technology.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others.

Cultural Relativism

The practice of not judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture, but rather understanding it.

Assimilation (Forced) Example

The forced transition of Native Americans into American culture during the 1800s.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that unite and stabilize a nation, such as a common enemy, holidays, and shared traditions.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that divide and destabilize a nation, such as differing political opinions, discrimination, and economic divides.

Hierarchical Diffusion

A process where cultural ideas or trends spread from higher to lower social classes.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid and widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

Stimulus Diffusion

The process of taking specific ideas from one culture and combining them with elements of another culture.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of cultural traits through the movement of people from one location to another.

Universal Religion

A religion that allows all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender, to convert.

Cultural Hearth of Islam

Modern-day Israel.

Cultural Hearth of Christianity

Modern-day Israel.

Ethnic Religions Examples

Hinduism and Judaism.

Indo-European Language Family

The most widely spoken language family in the world.

Lingua Franca

A common language that people from different languages can communicate in.

Preservation of Indigenous Languages

Recording speakers, maintaining vocabulary dictionaries, spreading awareness, and teaching in schools help preserve indigenous languages.

Creolization/Syncretism

The combination of two cultures to create a new, distinct culture.

Mercator Map Problem

It distorts the size of countries, making them appear larger or smaller than they actually are.

Absolute Location

Finding the exact location of a place using longitude and latitude.

Countries at Stage 5 of DTM

Typically urbanized, with low CBR, high CDR, and a higher elderly support ratio.

Degenerative Diseases in DTM Stage 4 and 5

Diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, dementia, and Parkinson's disease are prevalent.

Pro-Natalist Policies

Policies that encourage childbirth, such as longer paid maternity leave and financial incentives for having children.

Anti-Natalist Policies

Policies that discourage childbirth, such as shorter paid maternity leave and the One Child Policy in China.

Neo-Malthusians

Individuals who advocate for population control measures due to concerns about exponential population growth and limited resources.