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28 Terms
1
Element
A pure substance made of one type of particle that cannot be separated into simpler substances.
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Compound
A pure substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together in fixed ratios by mass.
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3
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded, retaining their individual properties.
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4
Metals
Elements that are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile, such as gold and silver.
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5
Nonmetals
Elements that are usually dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and can be gases or brittle solids at room temperature, such as oxygen and hydrogen.
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6
Metalloids
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals; they are semiconductors, such as silicon.
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7
Physical Change
A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance but does not change its chemical composition.
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8
Chemical Change
A change that results in the formation of new chemical substances.
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9
Intensive Properties
Physical properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present.
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10
Extensive Properties
Physical properties that depend on the amount of substance present.
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11
Phase Change
A physical change that occurs when a substance transitions from one state of matter to another.
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12
Kinetic Theory of Matter
The theory that explains how particles move in different states of matter and how this motion affects their properties.
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13
Melting
The process where a solid turns into a liquid when it absorbs enough heat.
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14
Freezing
The process where a liquid turns into a solid when it loses heat.
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15
Evaporation
The process where a liquid turns into gas at any temperature, not just at boiling point.
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16
Condensation
The process where gas turns into liquid as it loses energy.
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17
Sublimation
The process where a solid turns directly into gas without passing through the liquid state.
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18
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.
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19
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to varying neutrons.
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20
Cation
An ion with a positive charge formed by the loss of one or more electrons.
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21
Anion
An ion with a negative charge formed by the gain of one or more electrons.
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22
Periodic Table
A table that organizes all known elements by increasing atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
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23
Bohr Model
A model of the atom that depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in distinct energy levels.
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24
Nucleus
The dense central core of an atom made up of protons and neutrons.
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25
Proton
A subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.
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26
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom.
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27
Electron
A subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
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