BIOL 203 Module 1: Chapter 5

Carbohydrates

What is the monomer of a carb?

Monosaccharides: one sugar molecule

What are the functional groups of monosaccharides? and location of carbonyls

1. Carbonyl and Hydroxyl

Aldose: Carbonyl group of the end of the carbon chain

Ketose: Carbonyl group of in the middle of the carbon chain

Chemical properties of monosaccharides

Polar molecules that create H+ bonds and dissolve easily in water

How do monosacchardies differ?

Spatial arrangement of functional groups, aldose or ketose placement, and # of carbons

NLO: Sugars in aqueous solution tend to form….

Ring structures

Bonds formed between monosaccharides to make polysaccharides

Glycosidic linkages

Structural Differences between glycosidic linkages

Beta up and Alpha down

• A is less stable b/c its closer to a hydroxyl group

NLO: What do polysaccharides provide?

Energy and structural support

NLO: Monomer of a polysaccharide

Glucose

What is a structure polysaccharide with examples?

A glycosidic linkages with branches and helices

-Starch and glycogen

What is a storage polysaccharide with examples?

B glycosidic linkages w/ parallel strands with H+ bonds

-Cellulose, Chitin, and Peptidoglycan

**Key structural characteristics of carbs?

What are the 4 roles of carbs in cells?

1. Precursor to other molecules

2. Mark cell identity

3. Fibrous structural materials

4. Store chemical energy

***Interpret standard error bars, P values, and statistical significance in data.