Chapter 5: Neurology and Psychiatry

nervous system is divided into

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

nervous system is involved in

emotions, opinions, beliefs

psychiatry and psychology deal with-

altercations in our perceptions, emotions, and behaviors

sensory systems

eyes, ears, nose, skin

central nervous system

made up of brain and spinal cord

cerebrum

largest part of the brain; divided into lobes and hemispheres

cerebellum

underneath the cerebrum; controls movements

cerebr/o, encephal/o

both roots mean brain

cerebropathy

disease of the cerebrum

cerebrospinal

pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

encephalogram

record of the brain

cerebell/o

cerebellum (section of the brain that is located below the cerebrum)

cerebellar

pertaining to the cerebellum

cerebellitis

inflammation of the cerebelllum

lob/o

lobe

lobotomy

incision into a lobe

lobectomy

removal of a lobe

cephal/o

head

microcephaly

abnormally small head

macrocephaly

abnormally large head

crani/o

head or skull

craniometer

device to measure the skull

craniomalacia

softening of the skull

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

meningopathy

disease of the meninges

dur/o

dura

epidural

pertaining to above the dura

subdural hematoma

a collection of blood in the space below the dura

neur/o

nerve

neuralgia

nerve pain

neuropathy

nerve disease

gangli/o

nerve bundle

ganglion

pertaining to a nerve bundle

gangliitis – 

inflammation of a ganglion

myle/o

spine cord or bone marrow

myelitis

inflammation of the spinal cord

myelodysplasia

defective formation of the spinal cord

ethesi/o

feeling or sensation

anesthesia

lack of sensation

hyperesthesia

increased sensitivity to stimuli

phas/o

speech

phren/o, psych/o

mind

phrenetic

pertaining to the mind

psychology

study of the mind

somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o

sleep

somnography

process of recording sleep

insomnia

inability to sleep

hypnosis

condition of sleep

gnosi/o

knowledge

agnosia

lack of knowledge

diagnosis

what the health care professional thinks a patient has

prognosis

the chances for things getting better or worse

-mania

excessive desire

pyromania

desire to set fire

kleptomania

desire to steal

-phobia

excessive fear or sensitivity.

photophobia

fear of the light; also defined as hypersensitivity to light

hydrophobia

fear of water

-paresis

slight or partial paralysis

hemiparesis

slight paralysis on one side of the body (right or left)

ton/o

muscle tone, tension, pressure.

dystonia

abnormal tone

tonograph

machine that records muscle tone

tax/o

arrangement, order, coordination.

ataxia

absence of movement

hypotaxia

reduced movement

-plegia

paralysis

quadriplegia

paralysis in four limbs

-asthenia

weakness

myasthenia

weakness of muscles

phonasthenia

weakness of the voice

sensory signals (signals sent from the brain)

pain such as neuralgia (nerve pain) or causalgia (burning pain)

motor signals (signals sent from the brain)

partial or complete paralysis

fainting

syncope (temporary loss of consciousness)

- speaking

aphasia (not able to produce speech) or dysphagia (difficulty in producing speech

reading

dyslexia

- depression

persistent feeling of sadness

- anxiety

feeling upset, frustrated, or nervous

- phobias

exaggerated fear

- manias

exaggerated obsessions

- delirium

sudden state of confusion

- dementia

persistent state of confusion

aphasia

inability to speak

dysphasia

difficulty speaking

ataxia

lack of coordination

catatonia

reduced muscle tone

dystonia

involuntary muscle movements

delirium

brief loss of mental function

dyskinesia

difficulty moving

myoclonus

muscle twitching

myospasm

involuntary muscle contraction

neurasthenia

nerve weakness

somnambulism

sleep walking

syncope

fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to the brain

cephalalgia

head pain

cephalodynia

head pain

encephalalgia

brain pain

neuralgia

nerve pain