ESF Drndrology

Jack Pine

Jack Pine

Pinus Banksiana - Pinaceae - Needles in Bundles of 2 - Curved Cones

Eastern Larch

Larix Laricina - Pinaceae - Flat clustered needles - Small red-brown cones

Black Spruce

Picea Mariana - Pinaceae - small egg-shaped cones (purple-bown) - yellow-green needles

Red Spruce

Picea Rubens - Pinaceae - Red Cones - Short needles - Red twigs

White Spruce

Picea Glauca - Pinaceae - white sheen on needles - long curved cones

Paper Birch

Betula Papyrifera - Betulaceae - Papery bark - dark slits - serrated leaves

Yellow Birch

Betula Alleghaniensis - Betulaceae - shiny-yellowish peeling bark - ovate leaves doubly serrate

Gray Birch

Betula Populifolia - Betulaceae- Dark Chevrons - triangular serrate leaves

Quaking Aspen

Populus Tremuloides - Salicaceae - Thin petiole - heart-shaped serrate leaf

Balsam Poplar

Populus Balsamifera - Salicaceae - long shiny ovate & pointed leaf - gray deeply furrowed bark

Balsam Fir

Abies Balsamea - Pinaceae - 2 rows of green needles - gray-brown resinous cones

Red Alder

Alnus Rubra - Betulaceae - red catkins - ovate leaves curved margins

Honey Locust

Gleditsia Triacanthos - Fabaceae - legumes - short pinitely compound leaves

Bitternut Hickory

Carya Cordiformis - Juglandaceae - yellow buds - globos nuts - pinnately compound yellow- green leaves

Sugar Maple

Acer Saccharum - Sapindaceae - five lobed leaf - single bole

Red Maple

Acer Rubrum - Sapindaceae- 3 lobed leaf - multiple boles

Scots Pine

Pinus Sylvestris - Pinaceae - blue-green needles grow in twisted pairs - small rounded cones - reddish bole

Red Pine

Pinus Resinosa - Pinaceae - yellow-green needles - needles grow in pairs - brittle - egg-shaped red cone

Eastern White Pine

Pinus Strobus - Pinaceae - 5 needles per fascicle - long gray-brown cones - branches whorl

Norway Spruce

Picea Abies -Pinaceae - Flat green needles - drooping branches - smooth long pendulant cone

White Ash

Fraxinus Americana - Oleaceae - 5-7 leaflets - green top white bottom - gray furrowed bark

American Beech

Fagus Grandifolia - Fagaceae - Smooth Gray bark - incredibly hard - veins reach leaf margin - waxy green leaf - pointed red brown buds

Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga Canadensis - Pinaceae - Flat short dark green needles - small pendulant cones - scraggly lookin

Eastern Hophornbeam

Ostrya Virginiana - Betulaceae - Pendulant clustered hop-like fruit (or bird feet) - gray-brown flaky bark - doubly serrated dark green leaf

Black Willow

Salix Nigra - Salicaceae - Long thin dark green leaf - serrated margins - hanging limbs - gray bark deep furrows

Northern White Cedar

Thuja Occidentalis - Cupressaceae - flat scaly dull yellow-green leaves - small brown cones - gray-black bark thin curving ridges

Black Cherry

Prunus Serotina - Rosaceae - dark green waxy leaf - small bitter cherries - light gray bark - white clustered flowers

American Sycamore

Platanus Occidentalis - Platanaceae - large broad leaf - globos brown-green fruit - plated bark smooth white underneath - massive bole

Black Gum

Nyssa Sylvatica - Nyssaceae - ovate shiny green leaves - small clustered blue-black drupe fruit - gray rectangular-segmented bark

Hackberry

Celtis Occidentalis - Cannabaceae - Yellow-green leaves - asymmetrical leaf base - small black drupes - gray-brown ridged bark

Limber Pine

Pinus Flexilis - Pinaceae - Long blue-green needles - flexible - resinous - long cones

Eastern Red Cedar

Juniperus Virginiana - Cupressaceae - Scaly leaves- blue cones brown when old - fibrous red/gray bark

Persimmon

Diospyros Virginiana - Ebenaceae - shiny leaves dark green top light green bottom - undulating margin - small brown buds - gray blocky bark

Northern Red Oak

Quercus Rubra - Fagaceae - veins to leaf margin - light green top bottom - yellowish petiole - small acorn cap - gray skinny furrows smoother up the tree

Bur Oak

Quercus Macrocarpa - Fagaceae - Leaves taper at bottom - acorns large cap - ridged gray bark

White Oak

Quercus Alba - Fagaceae - dark green leaves rounded lobe - large acorn small cap - gray ridged/plated bark

Black Oak

Quercus Velutina - Fagaceae - waxy dark green leaves (sun leaves smaller) - cap comprises half of acorn - gray ridged bark

Butternut

Juglans Cinerea - Juglandaceae - Bright green fuzzy serrated - finitely compound - bumpy twigs - clustered large green nuts - gray interlacing ridges

Black Walnut

Juglans Nigra - Juglandaceae - finitely compound - long skinny serrated - clustered globos green nut - brown interlacing ridges

Cucumber Tree

Magnolia Acuminata - Magnoliaceae - large ellipsoidal leaves - red oblong fruit - brown rectangular ridges

Tulip Poplar

Liriodendron Tulipifera - Magnoliaceae - Large green leaf - u shaped top - large green erect buds (tulips) - brown interlacing ridges

Flowering Dogwood

Cornus Florida - Cornaceae - green leaves undulating margins - clustered red drupes - white flowers - alligator bark

Sweetgum

Liquidambar Styraciflua - Altingiaceae - Green star leaf - small spiky ball - gray ridged bark

Sassafrass

Sassafras Albidum - Lauraceae - bruh need i say more glove ass tree hand ass tree weird ass tree - blueish drupe

Shagbark Hickory

Carya Ovata - Juglandaceae - finitely compound green pointed leaves - gray shaggy bark

Eastern Cottonwood

Populus Deltoides - Salicaceae - yellow-green leaf - yellow petiole - pointed resinous buds - gray bark interlacing ridges

Bald Cypress

Taxodium Distichum - Cupressaceae - flat bright green needles - red brown interlacing ridged - cypress knees

Black Locust

Robinia Pseudoacacia - Fabaceae - green finitely compound alternating - thorns at twig base - very small buds - ridged orangeish bark

Pin Oak

Quercus Palustris - Fagaceae - slender red-brown twigs - clustered pointed buds - dark green leaves - C-shaped sinuses - globos acorns

Ponderosa Pine

Pinus Ponderosa - Pinaceae - needles bundles of 3 - orange-brown scaly plate-like bark - clustered orange-ish cones pointy - smells like vanilla/pineapple

American Basswood

Tilia Americana - Tiliaceae - gray interlacing ridges - alternate large long leaves - asymmetrical leaf base - globos green-yellow fruit

Silver Maple

Acer Saccharinum - Sapindaceae - Green top Silver Bottom - 5 lobed - samaras

Pitch Pine

Pinus Rigida - Pinaceae - twisted gnarled and drooping - scaly red-brown bark - yellow-green needles clusters of 3 - round red-brown cones

White Fir

Abies Concolor - Pinaceae - smell like tangerine - blue-green needles curved upward - yellow to red upright resinous cones

Engelmann Spruce

Picea Engelmannii - Pinaceae - spire-like - poor self pruning - red-brown scaly bark - pointed blue-green needles brown ellipsoidal pendulant cones

Box Elder

Acer Negundo - Sapindaceae - opposite pinnately compound 3-7 leaflets - light green coarse toothed - samaras - gray-brown interlacing ridges

Douglas Fir

Pseudotsuga Menziesii - Pinaceae - spirally arranged blue-green/gray-green needles - oblong tan cones - reddish brown ridged bark

Colorado Blue Spruce

Picea Pungens - Pinaceae - short stiff blue-green spiky needles - yellow-brown cones flaky plates - cones green/purple when not mature

American Elm

Ulmus Americana - Ulmaceae - asymmetrical leaf base - leaf veins go to margin - serrated

Western White Pine

Pinus Monticola - Pinaceae - 5 needles/fascicle - blue green needles longer than eastern white - longer yellow-brown cones - taller than strobus - lafayette only

Atlantic White Cedar

Chamaecyparis Thyoides - Cupressaceae - Blue-green scales - asymmetrical branches - rough scales - Lafayette only

Port-Oxford-Cedar

Chamaecyparis Lawsonia - Cupressaceae - White Xs on back of scales - skinny twigs

American Holly

Ilex Opaca - Aquifoliaceae - Dark green leathery leaves - spine toothed margins - smooth gray bark - dense bottom narrow top

Western Red Cedar

Thuja Plicata - Cupressaceae - glossy green scales - butterflies on bottom - incredibly small cones - cinnamon red fibrous bark

Grand Fir

Abies Grandis - Pinaceae - Small sub-globos resinous buds - cylindrical cones at top of tree - shiny long green needles white underneath - gray ridges orange underneath