Studied by 32 people
(doesn't contain all information from the lecture, but has the most important stuff)
How should you use the IR on a hypersthenic patient?
always use IR crosswise
How should you use the IR on a sthenic patient?
generally use IR crosswise
How should you use the IR on a hyposthenic patient?
generally use IR lengthwise
How should you use the IR on an asthenic patient?
always use IR lengthwise
What vertebrae does the vertebral prominence correspond with?
C7
What vertebrae does the jugular notch correspond with?
T2/T3
What vertebrae does the inferior angle of the scapula correspond with?
T7
What are the breathing instructions for a chest x-ray?
double breath (for greater inspiration and more depressed diaphragm)
What is the difference between personal/controllable artifacts and medical/uncontrollable artifacts?
personal artifacts (jewelry, clothing, hair, bra, etc.) can be removed from the area of the body being imaged
medical artifacts (pacemakers, feeding tubes, stents, etc.) can not be moved
What are some reasons for ordering a CXR?
pathology
fluid levels
foreign body (aspiration)
movement of diaphragm
rib detail
How far below the vertebral prominens should you center a PA chest projection?
7 inches lower in females
8 inches lower in males
What do you need to make sure is included in a chest x-ray?
apices, costophrenic angles, 10 ribs above diaphragm, and medial scapula borders lateral to lungs
Why are chest laterals done as left laterals?
reduces the heart magnification
What is considered acceptable rotation for a chest x-ray?
Ā½ an inch or less
What does RIPA stand for? (Hint: it is used for critiquing PA/AP chest x-rays)
R-Rotation
I-Inspiration
P-Penetration
A-Angulation
How can you make sure that the rotation is acceptable in a PA/AP chest x-ray?
medial ends of clavicles should be equidistant from spine
How can you make sure that the inspiration is acceptable in a PA/AP chest x-ray?
minimum of 10 ribs above the diaphragm
How can you make sure that the penetration is acceptable in a PA/AP chest x-ray?
thoracic vertebrae are seen through the heart and mediastinum, lung markings are clearly demonstrated, penetration through costophrenic angles
How can you make sure that the angulation is acceptable in a PA/AP chest x-ray?
medial ends of clavicles should be at level of T3/T4 and 1in of apical lung tissue above clavicles should be demonstrated
What is lordotic position?
patient in AP position, one foot away from the bucky, hands on hips with palms up, patient leaning backward so shoulders and neck are against bucky
What is the purpose of a lateral decubitus CXR?
demonstrate air/fluid levels
How long should you (ideally) let patient lay on their side before taking a lateral decub?
5 minutes
If you are looking for air in the lungs, which side should patient lay on?
the side you are looking at should be up
If you are looking for fluid in the lungs, which side should patient lay on?
the side you are looking at should be down
On a decub, which side should the marker be on?
the side down
How should your technique change for emphysema?
reduce technique
How should your technique change for pleural effusion?
increase technique
How should your technique change for pneumothorax?
take an image on inspiration and on expiration
What is the purpose of a Swan Ganz catheter?
monitoring the heartās function and blood flow, as well as pressures in and around the heart
What is a picc line?
peripherally inserted central catheter inserted into a vein in the arm that goes to the heart
What is a balloon pump?
mechanical device that allows the heart to pump more blood by inflating when heart relaxes
What is the purpose of an endotracheal tube (ETT)?
establishing and maintaining a patient airway to ensure the adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
The tip of the ETT should be ___ to the carina
5 cm superior
What is the purpose of a nasogastric (NG) tube?
provide nutrition to patients who cannot obtain nutrition by mouth (or are unable to swallow safely)
What is the purpose of chest tubes?
removing something (air/fluid) frum intrathoracic space
tube remains in the chest until all/most of the fluid has drained
CXRs to check chest tube progress should be taken ___
upright (to show air/fluid levels)
What is the purpose of pacemakers?
steady electrical impulses to regulate the beating of the heart (treats bradycardia)
What is the purpose of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators(ICD)?
treating heart rhythm disturbances by means of electric shock (treats tachycardia)
What is the purpose of a heart valve replacement?
to repair or replace diseased heart valves (can be mechanical or biological)
Note
Flashcard