Clin Pharm - Medical Terms

An abdomen that is measurably swollen beyond its normal size, often due to gas, fluid, or digestive contents

Abdominal Distention

Describing a condition, tumor, or growth that is non-cancerous—it does not spread or invade nearby tissue

Benign

The removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of disease.

Biopsy

A complex metabolic syndrome marked by muscle mass loss (with or without fat mass loss), often associated with chronic illness such as cancer, heart failure, or COPD. Cachexia is a condition marked by a loss of more than 10% of body weight, including loss of muscle mass and fat.”

Cachectic

Medical term for a bruise—injury to tissue (skin, muscle, bone) without breaking the skin, caused by impact

Contusion

An impairment in the ability to execute voluntary movements.

Dyskinesia

It is a medical term for swelling. Body parts swell from injury of inflammation.

Edema

A sudden blockage of an artery by a piece of foreign material, such as a blood clot or air bubble, that has traveled from another part of the body.

Embolism

Redness of the skin or mucous membranes caused by increased blood flow (capillary congestion).

Erythema

An abnormal connection between two body parts (organs or skin), often resulting from injury, surgery, infection, or disease.

Fistula

Death (necrosis) of body tissue due to insufficient blood supply or serious bacterial infection.

Gangrene

Overgrowth of the gum tissue, often in patients treated with phenytoin for epileptic seizure

Gingival hyperplasia

Inflammation of the tongue

Glossitis

Paralysis affecting one side of the body, often due to brain injury or stroke.

Hemiplegia

A common sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing poor quality sleep, despite adequate opportunities for rest. This sleep disruption often leads to significant distress and impairment in daily activities, such as fatigue, low energy, and problems with concentration, mood, and daily functioning.

Insomnia

Small white or bluish-white spots with reddish background inside the cheeks—an early, diagnostic sign of measles.

Koplik’s spots

A mottled, net-like purplish or reddish discoloration of the skin, often due to altered blood flow.

Livedo reticularis

A rare, inherited skeletal muscle reaction to certain anesthetic drugs, leading to dangerously high body temperature and muscle rigidity.

Malignant hyperthermia

Black, tarry stool caused by bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Melena

A vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements.

Nystagmus

Refers to the complete or partial blockage, obstruction, or closure of a passage, vessel, or opening, such as a blood vessel, an organ, or the alignment of teeth.

Occlusion

Is the persistent eating of substances such as dirt or paint that have no nutritional value.

Pica

A medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space, the thin area between the lungs and the chest wall.

Pleural effusion

A prolonged, persistent, and often painful penile erection lasting more than four hours, which is not related to sexual stimulation.

Priapism

A highly characteristic, abnormal, sustained spasm of the facial muscles that appears to produce grinning. Also known as rictus grin.

Risus sardonicus

The material (a thread) used to close a wound or incision, a surgical operation to unite tissues, or the resulting line of union.

Suture

A constant, painful, and ineffective urge to either defecate or urinate, even if the bowels or bladder are empty.

Tenesmus

A chronic disease that causes inflammation and ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is the most common type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition marked by an abnormal immune response that leads to damage in the digestive tract.

Ulcerative colitis

The yellow discoloration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which indicates the presence of blood breakdown products, primarily bilirubin, and suggests a previous hemorrhagic event.

Xanthochromia

Dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.

Xerostomia