USH FINAL - QUESTIONS

What did W. E. B. Du Bois mean when he said that blacks were "living behind the veil"?

They had to mask their true feelings when interacting with whites.

Order of Presidents from Oldest to Youngest:

FDR, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy., Lyndon Johnson. Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George HW bush, bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Obama, trump, biden, trump

What was the result of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?

It allowed for "separate but equal" public accommodations.

Laws that established separate public facilities for whites and blacks were often called

Jim Crow laws

Why were black schools often lacking in books, supplies, and facilities?

Southern states spent significantly more money on white schools.

Segregation established by practice and custom, rather than law, is called

de facto segregation.

Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?

racial zoning

Why did many southern and western states ban miscegenation?

Many people thought that racial mixing threatened the purity of the white race.

How did segregation in the workforce affect African Americans?

Their wages were significantly lower than whites.

What was the goal of establishing a white primary in southern states?

disenfranchising African American voters

The practice of redrawing voting district lines in order to give one group of voters an advantage is called

gerrymandering

Jackie Robinson became the first African American athlete to cross the color line in which professional sport?

baseball

What incident led President Truman to end racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces?

the brutal beating of army veteran Isaac Woodard

Which of the following was NOT a civil rights activist group during this period?

University of Maryland

Which of the following was the main practice of the Congress of Racial Equality?

nonviolent protest as a means of change

The National Urban League was an organization devoted to

helping African Americans achieve success in northern cities.

What Supreme Court decision led to the desegregation of the nation's schools?

Brown v. Board of Education

A legal action filed by people on behalf of themselves and a greater group of people who might benefit is called a

class action lawsuit.

Thurgood Marshall used what famous piece of evidence in his testimony to the Supreme Court?

the doll test

Why did the Supreme Court give some states extra time to desegregate their schools?

They realized that some southern states would resist the change.

What was the ultimate impact of the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

It served as a catalyst for the civil rights movements in the following decades.

What was the phrase commonly, but incorrectly, used to describe segregated public facilities?

separate but equal

What action aboard this bus from Montgomery, Alabama, inspired African Americans to boycott the bus system there?

the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat

The bus law that Rosa Parks was protesting in 1955 required Africans Americans

to give up their seats to whites when buses were full.

Whom did the Montgomery Improvement Association choose to lead a boycott against the segregated bus system?

Martin Luther King, Jr.

What resulted from the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

all of the above

How did the principal of Central High School reveal that he believed integration would not be permanent?

He said Minnijean Brown couldn't be in the glee club until integration was definitely decided.

Daisy Bates tried to improve conditions for the Little Rock Nine by

persuading principals to give appropriate punishments white students who attacked black students.

What evidence did Daisy Bates provide showing that not all white students were bitterly opposed to the presence of African Americans in the school?

Many white students wanted to organize to achieve a peaceful resolution of the crisis.

How did Governor Orval Faubus fight the integration of Central High School?

all of the above

Based on the evidence in this photo, what did the owner of this soda fountain do to avoid serving African American customers?

The owner simply closed the soda fountain.

These men are staging a protest at this Nashville lunch counter. This protest was called

a sit-in.

Where was the first sit-in held?

Greensboro, North Carolina

Nonviolent protests, such as sit-ins, were acts of

civil disobedience.

These people were participating in a march in Washington, D.C. Based on this photo and the chapter, what were they protesting?

violence in Birmingham

Who called Birmingham the most segregated city in the United States?

Martin Luther King, Jr.

What happened when African American students gathered to march in Birmingham on May 3, 1963?

The police used attack dogs and high-pressure fire hoses on them.

How did President Kennedy react to the racist backlash following the announced desegregation of Birmingham's public facilities?

He sent federal troops to a nearby military base to keep the peace.

What message are these protesters sending with the signs they are holding?

African Americans were no longer willing to wait patiently for equality.

Why would civil rights activists organize public demonstrations like the March on Washington?

all of the above

Which of the following was enacted the year after the March on Washington and would have a major impact on civil rights?

the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Who originally proposed the March on Washington?

A. Philip Randolph in 1941

Which of the following is a part of a city where people belonging to a single ethnic group live?

ghetto

What was the immediate cause of the Watts riot in Los Angeles?

a charge of police brutality

Why was Stokely Carmichael's SNCC speech a turning point in the civil rights movement?

It signaled a move away from the main strategy of nonviolent protest.

What did the Kerner Commission report mean by the phrase, "reservoir of underlying grievances"?

the building frustration of African Americans over an unjust society

Why did Malcolm Little change his name to Malcolm X?

He felt that Little was a slave owner's name.

How did the Nation of Islam's aims differ from earlier civil rights goals?

It promoted black nationalism.

How did the membership of the SNCC change over time?

It became an all-black organization.

Which of the following best describes the Black Panther Party?

militant

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 and civil rights activism caused the number of black voters to _____ from 1964 to 1968.

sharply increase

What famous attorney became the first black Supreme Court Justice?

Thurgood Marshall

Afrocentrism helped offset what common bias in schools?

all of the above

Why was the popularity of Roots so significant?

It showed that African American history could capture Americans' interest.

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibited what form of discrimination?

housing discrimination

The decision in Swann v. Charlotte- Mecklenburg Board of Education supported what plan to end school segregation?

bus transportation

What were the results of efforts to desegregate schools in Boston?

many white students left Boston's public schools

President Johnson expanded President Kennedy's affirmative action plan to include both minorities and

women

Which of the following is a potential problem resulting from affirmative action?

reverse discrimination

What did the state of California decide to do with its affirmative action policies?

It got rid of its affirmative action practices.

Allan Bakke believed minorities were given what kind of treatment over him?

preferential treatment

How did John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon implement affirmative action policies?

They required government contractors to develop affirmative action plans and goals.

In 1961, ___________________ became the youngest person elected to presidency.

John F. Kennedy

The “Kennedy style” is remembered as being

elegant and youthful.

What disadvantage did Kennedy initially have when dealing with Congress?

all of the above

Who did John F. Kennedy campaign against during the 1961 elections?

Richard Nixon

Which goals were included in Kennedy’s New Frontier?

all of the above

The list of programs a president hopes to enact, through Congress, while in office is called a

legislative agenda.

Why was NASA originally established in 1958?

to compete with the Soviet’s space program

Which of these is true of the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961?

all of the above

Once the planned economy was enforced in Cuba in 1959, who made all of economic decisions?

government planners

What happens at a summit meeting?

Heads of state discuss matters important to their nations.

The Berlin Wall made it impossible for

East Germans to escape to West Berlin.

What was the Cuban missile crisis?

The USSR was building missile-launching sites in Cuba.

Based on how close they had come to nuclear war, Kennedy and Khrushchev established a hotline, which is

a communication line that is kept open at all times.

What was the result of the Test Ban Treaty?

It banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

Kennedy created the Peace Corps to work in developing countries by

supporting local communities

What event led Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to be sworn in as president in 1963?

Kennedy was assassinated.

Why was Lee Harvey Oswald never convicted of murder?

He was killed prior to the trial.

Who is responsible for Lee Harvey Oswald’s death?

Jack Ruby

What did the Warren Commission discover upon investigating Kennedy’s death?

Oswald acted alone

Why did some Americans question the Warren Commission’s findings?

all of the above

Erected on the night of August 12-13, 1961 and torn down on November 9, 1989, the _____________ separated East and West Germany.

Berlin Wall

Why did many Americans have doubts about Lyndon B. Johnson when he first became president?

Johnson was unfamiliar to Americans who were stunned by Kennedy's assassination.

What did Johnson mean by his "let us continue" message soon after becoming president?

He wanted to carry out the dreams of Kennedy and earlier Democratic presidents.

Johnson's Great Society grew out of

the liberal tradition of the Progressive and New Deal eras.

How did the "Daisy" advertisement influence voters in the 1964 election?

It made many voters fear that Goldwater was too extreme and reckless.

What did Johnson consider to be part of a "Great Society"?

all of the above

Which statement about Johnson's vision of government is true?

He continued a tradition of liberal reform that stretched back to the Progressive Era.

Which one of Americas founding ideals was most important to Barry Goldwater?

liberty

What was one significant development that arose out of the 1964 presidential election?

the shift of the South toward the Republican party

What helped Johnson get much of his legislative program through Congress?

His long experience in Congress taught him how to deal with legislators.

How did Johnson try to achieve a color-blind society?

He pushed Congress to pass a number of significant civil rights laws.

What did the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 achieve?

It created dozens of antipoverty programs, such as the Job Corps and Head Start.

Which program provided hospital and nursing home services for Americans 65 and older?

Medicare

What was the impact of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?

It raised public interest in environmentalism.

Why did some people criticize the Great Society?

all of the above

How did the Great Society have an impact on American life?

The poverty rate dropped by nearly 10 percent between 1960 and 1970.

How did the Immigration Act of 1965 change the criteria for admitting immigrants to the United States?

Skills and family ties became the key criteria for admission.

What was the result of the two Supreme Court cases dealing with reapportionment?

Legislators each represented about the same number of people.