Biology 101: Intro to Biology Ch 1. Basic Terms & Skills in Biological Science

biology

the study of life

biologists

scientists that study biology

ecology

field of biology that is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environments

ecologists

biologists that study ecology

unicellular organisms

composed of only one cell

multi-cellular organisms

composed of more than one cell

sexual reproduction

mating occurs using gametes to create offspring

asexual reproduction

creation of offspring without mating or gametes

________ is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment.

1. Biology

2. Ecology

3. Zoology

4. Botany

Ecology

Which characteristic is being displayed when a species changes to adapt to the environment?

1. growth and development

2. evolution

3. homeostasis

4. energy use

evolution

What is reproduction using gametes?

1. budding

2. asexual reproduction

3. binary fission

4. sexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

A stable internal environment is known as _______.

1. homeostasis

2. reproduction

3. growth

4. evolution

homeostasis

_______ refers to a one-celled living organism while _________ refers to a living organism made of more than one cell.

1. unicellular, multi-cellular

2. multi-cellular, unicellular

3. sexual, asexual

4. asexual, sexual

unicellular, multi-cellular

biochemistry

the study of how atoms and molecules interact to form living things

molecular biologists

study genetics, or the DNA and RNA in a cell

cell biologists

study individual cells

anatomy

the study of body structure

physiology

the study of how the body works

botonists

study the structure and function of plants

zoology

the study of all animals

marine biology

focuses specifically on ocean habitats

evolutionary biology

studies the process of evolution and how it has shaped our world today

A scientist works in a lab growing artificial skin tissue. She studies how the cells interact with each other and depend on each other to form a new tissue. What branch of biology does she work in?

1. Cell biology

2. Biochemistry

3. Evolutionary biology

4. Anatomy and physiology

Cell biology

Sports physical therapists study the biomechanics of how joints, muscles and bones move during athletic activity. What branch of science do they study?

1. Biochemistry

2. Anatomy and physiology

3. Cell biology

4. Molecular Biology

Anatomy and physiology

Which branch of biology studies the atoms and molecules that make up living things?

1. Biochemistry

2. Evolutionary biology

3. Botany

4. Ecology

Biochemistry

What is biology?

1. The study of life

2. The study of fossils

3. The study of atoms and molecules

4. The study of the Earth and space

The study of life

Scientists are studying how wolves have shaped the ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. They have found that an increase in wolf populations affects the populations of so many other living things that the rivers and mountains actually changed as well. In what branch of biology do these scientists work?

1. Cell Biology

2. Anatomy and Physiology

3. Ecology

4. Botany

Ecology

Prefix

word parts that appear before a root

Suffix

word parts that come after that root

Visual Learners

tend to learn better when concepts are presented through images

Verbal Learners

relate better to words and sentences

Holistic Approach

new concepts are seen as being integrated and inseparable from on another

Analytic Approach

breaking down concepts into subdivided parts

Which word part appears only AFTER the root?

1. Affix

2. Subject

3. Prefix

4. Suffix

Suffix

What is the primary unit of a word called?

1. Prefix

2. Suffix

3. Affix

4. Root

Root

Which type of learner prefers pictures and charts?

1. Verbal

2. Analytic

3. Visual

4. Holistic

Visual

Which type of learning approach focuses on subdivided parts?

1. Visual

2. Holistic

3. Verbal

4. Analytic

Analytic

Which languages contribute to most scientific vocabulary?

1. Greek and Latin

2. Italian and Greek

3. French and Spanish

4. French and English

5. English and German

Greek and Latin

Scientific Method

a set of procedures that scientists follow in order to gain knowledge about the world

The Scientific Method (Order)

1. Question

2. Hypothesis

3. Experiment

4. Observation

5. Analysis

6. Conclusion

Question

a scientist proposes the problem that he wants to solve

Hypothesis

a potential answer to the question at hand

Experiment

ordered investigations that are intended to prove or disprove a hypothesis

Observation

a statement of knowledge gained through the senses or through the use of scientific equipment

Analysis

comparing the results of the equipment to the prediction posed by the hypothesis

Conclusion

a statement of whether the original hypothesis was supported or refuted by the observations gathered

Peer Review

scientists critique each other’s work and decide whether it meets the standards of the scientific community

A scientist is running a test of her hypothesis. Which step of the scientific method is she executing?

1. Conclusion

2. Analysis

3. Experiment

4. Observation

Experiment

Which of the following is NOT true about science?

1. Scientists often use creativity.

2. Scientists never compete with one another.

3. Science journals usually require peer review.

4. Scientists often rely on their experience.

Scientists never compete with one another.

Which of these is a process that requires scientists to critique each other's work and decide whether it meets the standards of the scientific community?

1. Conclusion

2. Experiment

3. Question

4. Peer review

Peer review

At what step in the scientific method does a scientist propose the problem that he or she wants to solve?

1. Hypothesis

2. Analysis

3. Question

4. Experiment

Question

Which of the following is NOT one of the six key steps of the scientific method?

1. Observation

2. Theory

3. Hypothesis

4. Experiment

Theory

Theory

a statement that is generally accepted as a summary for a hypothesis or a group of hypotheses; accepted hypothesis

Law

a general statement about a group of observations which has no exceptions to the rule; a universal fact

Control

a means of ensuring that only one factor is being tested at a time

Which of the following summarizes an accepted hypothesis tested by many scientists?

1. Observation

2. Theory

3. Analysis

4. Conclusion

5. Law

Theory

A controlled experiment tests how many variables at one time?

1. One

2. Three

3. Two

4. Four

5. None

One

In order for a scientist's work to be accepted, other scientists must be able to _____ the experiment.

1. disprove

2. repeat

3. analyze

4. observe

5. refute

repeat

An experiment should show that a hypothesis is either _____.

1. correct or incorrect

2. peer reviewed or not reviewed

3. supported or not supported

4. left or right

supported or not supported

Which of the following is viewed as scientific fact without any exceptions?

1. Theory

2. Hypothesis

3. Law

4. Observation

5. Analysis

Law

Table

a way of arranging information into vertical columns and horizontal rows

Dependent Variable

the factor being measured in an experiment, which changes in response to the independent variable

Independent Variable

the factor that is considered to be constant during an experiment, which affects the dependent variable

Line Graph

depicts the relationship between the dependent and independent variables

Charts

visual representations of data that use symbols to indicate information

Bar Chart

information is represented in rectangular bars that are proportional in length to the data

Pie Chart

information is represented in sections of a circle that are proportional in width to the data

Flow Chart

a diagram that shows how concepts, or steps in a process, are related to one another

Which type of chart illustrates relationships between concepts or steps in a process?

1. Bar Chart

2. Line Graph

3. Pie Chart

4. Table

5. Flow Chart

Flow Chart

Which type of chart plots the relationship between dependent and independent variables?

1. Pie Chart

2. Flow Chart

3. Line Graph

4. Bar Chart

Line Graph

Which axis is the horizontal axis?

1. Y axis

2. None of these answers are correct

3. Z axis

4. X axis

X axis

Which type of chart compares data with relative percentages?

1. Bar Chart

2. Pie Chart

3. Flow Chart

4. Line Graph

Pie Chart

Which variable remains unaffected by the other variables of an experiment?

1. Dependent variable

2. Independent variable

3. Y variable

4. None of these answers are correct.

Independent variable