Personality Disorders: Distinct Features

Criterion

A standard or principle by which something is judged or decided.

Extreme Traits

Personality traits at high or low levels that can be both maladaptive and adaptive.

Personality Disorders (PDs)

Mental disorders characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience.

Ego-syntonic

Condition in which a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are in harmony with the self-image.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Odd or eccentric disorders including Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders such as Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Anxious or fearful disorders including Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by a general suspicion and distrust of others.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships and emotional coldness.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Characterized by severe social anxiety, paranoid ideation, and often unconventional beliefs.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Characterized by grandiosity, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, often leading to criminal behavior.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Characterized by excessive attention-seeking behavior and emotionality.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by unstable relationships, self-image, and strong emotional reactions.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Characterized by feelings of inadequacy and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive behavior.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that emphasizes balancing acceptance and change.

Probabilistic vs. Deterministic

Probabilistic refers to outcomes based on likelihood; deterministic implies fixed outcomes.

Milieu Therapy

A treatment approach focused on providing a therapeutic environment.