Liquids and Solids Flashcards

Flashcards about Liquids and Solids based on lecture notes.

Dipole Moment

Positive and negative charges separated by a distance, oriented towards the more electronegative atoms.

Molecular Dipole

The sum of bond dipoles, resulting in a molecular dipole moment.

Polar Molecules

Molecules with a net dipole moment due to uneven electron distribution.

Nonpolar Molecules

Molecules where bond dipoles cancel out, resulting in no net dipole moment.

Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)

Attractive or repulsive forces between molecules that influence physical properties.

Dispersive Forces (London Dispersion Forces)

Weak, temporary attractive forces between all molecules, caused by temporary fluctuations in electron distribution.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Attractive forces between polar molecules due to the interaction of their permanent dipoles. Stronger than dispersion forces.

Hydrogen Bonding

A particularly strong type of dipole-dipole interaction between molecules with N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds.

Polarizability

The degree to which the electron cloud of an atom or molecule can be distorted, influencing the strength of dispersion forces.

Ion-Dipole Interaction

Interaction between an ion (full charge) and the dipole (partial charge) of a molecule.