Science 4th Qtr Flashcards

Universally used system for locating and indicating points on Earth’s surface using a set of numbers or symbols

Universally used system for locating and indicating points on Earth’s surface using a set of numbers or symbols

Geographic Coordinate System

Geographic Coordinate Systems that describe a location on the Earth

Latitude and Longitude

Horizontal lines; north and south

Latitude

Vertical lines; east and west

Longitude

Arbitrarily chosen meridian in the Geographic Coordinate System at which longitude is defined to be 0°

Prime Meridian

Imaginary line that divides the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Equator

Point / place where the Prime Meridian and the Equator intersect; located at latitude 0° and longitude 0°

The Gulf of Guinea

Country located between 4 ° and 21 ° north latitude and between 115 °and 127 ° east longitude

Philippines

Surrounding bodies of water in the Philippines

North – Luzon Strait
East – Philippine Sea
South – Celebes Sea
West – South China Sea

Three large rivers in the Philippines

Cagayan River – Northern Luzon
Rio Grande de Mindanao – Southern Mindanao
Agusan River – Eastern Mindanao

Five main lakes in the Philippines

Laguna de Bay – Between laguna and Rizal
Taal Lake – Batangas
Sampaloc Lake – Laguna
Bulusan Lake – Sorsogon
Buhi Lake – Camarines Sur

Famous falls in the Philippines

Maria Cristina Falls – Lanao del Norte
Pagsanjan Falls – Laguna

Highest mountain in the Philippines

Mount Apo, Davao

Two massive mountain ranges in the Philippines

Sierra Madre – Aurora to Rizal
Cordillera Central – Abra to Pangasinan

Three active volcanoes in the Philippines

Mayon Volcano – Albay Bicol
Taal Volcano – Batangas
Mount Kanlaon – Negros

Supplied by nature, are on our planet alone and didn't need humans to exist. e.g, water, forests, fossil fuels, plants, animals, minerals, air

Natural Resources

Resources that have an unlimited supply (Air, sunlight, water), 71% of the water on Earth is polluted, only 2.5% is fresh, and only 0.3% is available on the surface

Renewable/Inexhaustible Resources

Limited quantities/take a long time to return e.g, coal, gas, oil).

Non-renewable Resources

Composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% Argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, 0.03% other gases

Atmosphere

Layer of the atmosphere; space station orbit on this layer

Exosphere

Layer of the atmosphere; gas particles move rapidly due to solar radiation

Thermosphere

Layer of the atmosphere; the coldest layer in the atmosphere

Mesosphere

Layer of the atmosphere; ideal for flight because of good visibility and low air turbulence

Stratosphere

Layer of the atmosphere; the formation of clouds and precipitation occur; known as the "weather sphere"

Troposphere

The Greenhouse Effect

Some of the solar radiation from the sun is reflected by the Earth and its atmosphere. Most radiation is absorbed by the Earth’s surface, warming it. The greenhouse molecules absorb and re-emit Some of the radiation in all directions. This warms the Earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere

Wind that blows from the land to the sea; occurs at night and early morning when the land cools down faster than the sea

Land Breeze

Wind from the sea to the land; occurs at day; occurs due to the difference in density of air

Sea Breeze

Winds that change directions as the seasons change; caused by the difference in the annual temperature trends between overland and sea

Monsoons

Amihan; starts as a mass of cold, dry air that originates from a pressure-weather system that forms over Siberia and China; widespread cloudiness, moderate rainfall, cool weather, especially in the eastern part of the country

Northeast Monsoon

Habagat; originates from a high-pressure weather system over the Australian continent, and the Indian Ocean, which is southwest of the Philippines; heavy rains to the western portion of the Philippines

Southwest Monsoon

The doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather; the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge; encircles Earth near the thermal equator though its specific position varies seasonally

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of Earth; results from an increase in the magnitude of the so-called Greenhouse Effect

Global Warming

Point where Earth is closest to the sun

Perihelion

Point where Earth is farthest from the sun

Aphelion

Axial tilt of Earth

23.5 degrees

Degrees as of the first day of each month

Sun Elevation

Energy received on Earth's surface

Insolation

Amount of Insolation received at any place on Earth depends on the length of daytime and nighttime and the angle of the Sun above the horizon

Solar Altitude

The length of daytime and nighttime are equal

Equinox

Explain information about the Earth during Equinox

The Sun's rays: Earth's tilt is perpendicular to the angle of sunlight On the Equinox, sunrise and sunset are roughly 12 hours apart worldwide

Why is there only 2 seasons in the Philippines?

Because the Philippines receives the same amount of sunlight throughout the year.

Caused by Northeast Monsoon (Amihan)

Dry Season

Caused by Southwest Monsoon (Habagat)

Wet Season

Particles from outer space; can be made by the sun, by other stars exploding, and black holes; move extremely fast, nearly the speed of light, but when they hit the Earth they are blocked by our atmosphere and made harmless to humans

Cosmic Rays

Consists of electrically positive protons and electrically neutral neutrons

Atomic Nuclei

Occurs when the Sun, Earth, and moon are perfectly aligned; only occurs during the full moon

Eclipse

If the moon is between Earth, and the sun, the moon blocks the sun’s rays, and the shadow of the moon is cast on Earth’s surface (Black sun)

Solar Eclipse

Three types of solar eclipses

Total, partial, and annular

The moon moves within the shadow of Earth (Red/blood moon)

Lunar eclipse

Three types of lunar eclipses