exam 2

which of the following aspects of police work is the "backbone of policing"?

A. management
B. administration
C. patrol
D. investigation

C

who is most closely associated with London's Bow Street Runners?

A. jonathan wild
B. henry fielding
C. sir robert peel
D. patrick murphy

B

which of the following was not characteristic of the New Police?

A. they adopted a military administrative style
B. they occupied fixed posts throughout the city awaiting public outcry
C. they believed that it was possible to discourage crime
D. they were uniformed

B

who was responsible for starting the world's first modern police force?

A. "wild bill" hickock
B. henry fielding
C. richard mayne
D. sir robert peel

D

"shire reeve" means...

A. police chief
B. attorney general
C. leader of the country
D. mounted officer
E. none of the above

E

which term refers to the use of the best available research to implement guidelines and evaluate law enforcement agencies?

A. seminal police studies
B. exemplary police programs
C. scientific police management
D. evidenced based policing
E. none of the above

D

this was the study credited with beginning the tradition of scientific police evaluation.

A. COMPSTAT
B. LEAA
C. Minneapolis hot spot policing
D. Kansas city experiment
E. Cincinnati team policing experiment

D

which of the following is not characteristic of a centralized model of state police agencies?

A. combine criminal investigations duties and state highway patrol
B. assist local departments
C. operate identification bureaus
D. provide training for local officers
E. all of the above

E

which of the following is not characteristics of a decentralized model of state police agencies?

A. separates highway patrol from other duties
B. duties other than highway patrol are performed by adjunct state law enforcement agencies
C. maintain a criminal record repository
D. all of the above

D

most police organizations are structured along lines of authority. those who perform field activities or supervisory activities directly related to day to day police work are known as...

A. line operations
B. staff operations
C. field operations
D. administration operations
E. none of the above

A

this style of policing typically appears in lower or lower-middle class areas that have a lot of crime.

A. watchman
B. legalistic
C. service
D. team
E. none of the above

A

this style of policing is marked by order maintenance, controlling illegal and disruptive behavior, and a considerable use of discretion.

A. watchman
B. legalistic
C. service
D. team
E. none of the above

A

this style of policing is marked with a concern to help others rather than enforcing the law. it is actually very popular today.

A. watchman
B. legalistic
C. service
D. team
E. none of the above

C

officers under this style of policing are more likely to supplement law enforcement activities with community resources.

A. watchman
B. legalistic
C. service
D. team
E. none of the above

C

officers under this style of policing take a "laissez faire" stance on behaviors that are simply bothersome.

A. watchman
B. legalistic
C. service
D. team
E. none of the above

B

which of the following is NOT an element involved in community policing.

A. community based crime prevention
B. reorientation of patrol activities to emphasize nonemergency services
C. increased patrol accountability to the public
D. a decentralization of command
E. all of the above

E

this amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed the right against unreasonable searches and seizures.

A. fourth
B. fifth
C. sixth
D. eighth
E. fourteenth

A

this amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed the right against arrest without probable cause.

A. fourth
B. fifth
C. sixth
D. eighth
E. fourteenth

A

this amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed the right against self incrimination.

A. fourth
B. fifth
C. sixth
D. eighth
E. fourteenth

B

this amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed the right to an attorney.

A. fourth
B. fifth
C. sixth
D. eighth
E. fourteenth

C

this is a police strategy primarily concerned with establishing a working relationship with the community.

A. problem oriented policing
B. community oriented policing
C. preventive patrol
D. differential response approach
E. hot spots patrol

B

this is a police strategy primarily concerned with identifying, analyzing, responding to, and assessing community problems related to crime and neighborhood quality of life.

A. problem oriented policing
B. community oriented policing
C. preventive patrol
D. differential response approach
E. hot spots patrol

A

this term refers to the notion that some locations need special attention because they generate a substantial portion of calls for law enforcement services.

A. problem oriented policing
B. community oriented policing
C. preventive patrol
D. differential response approach
E. hot spots patrol

E

this was established by Weeks v. US and expresses that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in trial. it acts as a control over police behavior.

A. good faith exception
B . plain view doctrine
C. search and seize rule
D. exclusionary rule
E. none of the above

D

this landmark case extended the answer to the previous question to the states and said that the 14th Amendment applies to local police, not just federal officers.

A. Miranda v Arizona
B. Terry v Ohio
C. Brown v Texas
D. Mapp v Ohio
E. Tennessee v Garner

D

this says that objects falling in "plain view" of an officer, who has the right to be in the position of the view, are subject to seizure and may be introduced as evidence.

A. good faith exception
B. plain view doctrine
C. search and seize rule
D. exclusionary rule
E. none of the above

B

probable cause to search is similar to \_________, except the facts and circumstances have to support a reasonable belief officers will find evidence of crime, weapons, or contraband on the person or places they search.

A. the monroe doctrine
B. probable cause to arrest
C. a frisk
D. consent to search

B

the US Supreme Court has ruled that extensive searches of vehicles at the same time drivers and passengers are arrested are...

A. prohibited
B. unreasonable
C. reasonable
D. police abuse of power

B

according to the consent search rule, you can give up your right against unreasonable searches, but only if you do it \____________.

A. before a court official
B. in writing
C. while under arrest
D. voluntarily

D

the objective basis for backing up stops and frisks is called...

A. police intuition
B. suspicion
C. probable cause
D. reasonable suspicion

D

according to the US Supreme Court, the justification for the exclusionary rule is that it...

A. reduces trial case loads
B. deters unconstitutional police behavior
C. increases conviction rates
D. is set forth in the firth amendment
E. all of the above

B

this landmark case says that, in order to stop and frisk, officers need reasonable suspicion.

A. Miranda v Arizona
B. Terry v Ohio
C. Brown v Texas
D. Mapp v Ohio
E. Tennessee v Garner

B

this is defined as a reasonable belief that a particular person has committed a specific crime.

A. reasonable suspicion
B. probable cause
C. arrest
D. none of the above

B

this is defined as a reasonable belief that a crime is in progress or has occurred.

A. reasonable suspicion
B. probable cause
C. arrest
D. none of the above

A

this landmark case stated that prior to custodial interrogation, a person must be informed of his/her rights.

A. Miranda v Arizona
B. Terry v Ohio
C. Brown v Texas
D. Mapp v Ohio
E. Tennessee v Garner

A

this Supreme Court case held that officers may not stop and question an unwilling citizen whom they don't suspect of breaking the law.

A. Miranda v Arizona
B. Terry v Ohio
C. Brown v Texas
D. Mapp v Ohio
E. Tennessee v Garner

C

which of the following is NOT a criteria for waiving your Miranda Rights?

A. waiver is voluntarily
B. waiver is knowing
C. waiver is intelligent
D. all of the above

D

this landmark case states that deadly force can be used only when the suspect is thought to pose a significant threat of serious injury or death to the public or the officer.

A. Miranda v Arizona
B. Terry v Ohio
C. Brown v Texas
D. Mapp v Ohio
E. Tennessee v Garner

E

historically, officers were allowed to use deadly force to prevent escape of a suspected felon. this was known as the...

A. deadly force statue
B. "shoot to kill" policy
C. escaping suspect doctrine
D. fleeing felon rule

D

a police officer can be sued for...

A. false arrest
B. malicious prosecution
C. assault and battery
D. all of the above

D

this 1989 case established the "objective reasonableness" standard and provided that the determination and appropriateness of deadly force should be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene at the time, and not in hindsight.

A. Terry v Ohio
B. Graham v Connor
C. Brown v Texas
D. Weeks v US
E. Escobedo v Illinois

B

this is the federal policy standard for use of deadly force.

A. probable cause
B. reasonable suspicion
C. objective reasonableness
D. imminent danger

D

what arrangement in early English society required that every person in a village be responsible for protecting the settlement from thieves?

A. the runner system
B. community policing
C. the pledge system
D. the watch system

C

the \___________ was created in 1326 under the watch system of policing to assist the shire reeve in controlling the country.

A. deputy position
B. constable position
C. bobbie position
D. justice of the peace

D

when was the Metropolitan Police Act passed through Parliament?

A. 1229
B. 1429
C. 1629
D. 1829

D

english police officers are known as bobbies because:

A. the tails of the horses they rode were cut short (bodded)
B. Sir Robert (Bobbie) peel was responsible for their creation
C. the first name Robert and its accompanying nickname Bobbie were extremely common among the first generation of English police
D. they were paid in shillings, for which the slang term was "bob"

B

which of the following was NOT one of Sir Robert Peel's nine principles of policing?

A. the basic mission for which the police exist is to make arrests and aid in convictions
B. the ability of the police to perform their duties in dependent on public approval of police actions
C. police must secure the willing cooperation of of the public in voluntary observance of the law in order to secure and maintain public respect
D. police preserve public favor by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law

A

how did police reformer August Vollmer contribute to police profeessionalism?

A. instituting university training for young officers
B. establishing the first formal police academy in the US
C. becoming the first President of the IACP
D. creating the first SWAT team

A

the defining event that helped shape police reforms in the 1990s was the:

A. creation of the International Association of Chiefs of Police
B. creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
C. growth of police unions
D. beating of Rodney King

D

which is the oldest federal law enforcement agency?

A. US Marshals
B. FBI
C. DHS
D. IRS

A

which state formed the first statewide police agency in 1835?

A. massachusetts
B. pennsylvania
C. texas
D. arizona

C

how do most municipal departments determine promotion eligibility?

A. testing
B. physical agility
C. arrest performance
D. time-in-rank

D

while police patrol has many objectives, most police experts agree that the majority of police patrol efforts are devoted to:

A. crime fighting
B. order maintenance
C. responding to emergencies
D. deterring crime

B

what was the principal finding of the Kansas City Patrol Study?

A. the type of patrol model adopted has significant impact on crime
B. there is little evidence to suggest that increased police patrol deters crime
C. patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizen's attitudes
D. patrol techniques can significantly impact citizen's satisfaction with police

B

police stopping motorists to issue citations and agressively arresting suspicious persons is an example of what type of policing?

A. proactive
B. neighborhood
C. reactive
D. community

A

the neighborhood canvas is part of the \___________ stage of the investigation.

A. specific focus
B. general coverage
C. informative data gathering
D. victim/suspect time lines

B

conducting an interview with a family member of the victim who was present at the crime scene would fall into the \____________ investigation stage.

A. specific focus
B. general coverage
C. informative data gathering
D. victim/suspect time lines

A

which of the following is FALSE regarding beliefs underlying community policing?

A. community relations and crime control effectiveness cannot be the charge of a few specialized police units
B. officers should return to a style of policing that involves contact with the people they serve
C. patrol by car is an essential tool of community policing
D. community policing has been a response to officer frustration with lack of community support

C

which of the following is NOT a focus of community policing?

A. order maintenance
B. emergency service
C. problem solving
D. police officer retention

D

what police support unit is responsible for investigating allegations of police misconduct?

A. internal affairs
B. personnel services
C. civilian review boards

A

according to which model of policing believes that police need to aggressively target low-level quality of life offense?

A. community-oriented policing
B. broken windows policing
C. procedural justice policing
D. rapid response

B

which term describes the experience of black officers who must deal with the expectation that they will show lenience to members of their own race, while at the same time experiencing overt racism form their police colleagues?

A. the black curtain
B. double marginality
C. ethnic role strain
D. toxic race relations

B

today, almost \_____________ percent of local police officers are African American, Hispanic, or other non-white ethnic groups.

A. 5 percent
B. 15 percent
C. 25 percent
D. 35 percent

C

approximately what percent of all sworn law enforcement officers in larger cities in the United States are women?

A. 5 percent
B. 10 percent
C. 15 percent
D. 20 percent

C

which of the following statements about female officers is FALSE?

A. female officers are less likely than male officers to be charged with improper conduct
B. female officer recruits are more likely to fail the entrance physical exam than male officer recruits
C. female officers tend to receive harsher punishments than male officers if cited for disciplinary action
D. female officers are less likely than male officers to receive support from the community

D

the term "blue curtain" describes:

A. police reluctance to express personal feelings to each other
B. the police practice of shrouding the windows and doors of the briefing room with a blue curtain when confidential information is disseminated
C. the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture
D. the cloth used to drape the coffins of slain police officers

C

which is NOT one of the six core beliefs at the heart of the police culture?

A. loyalty to colleagues count above all else
B. the war against crime connect be won without bending the rules
C. no one else understands the nature of police work
D. patrol work gives officers the chance to be heroes in the eyes of the public

D

approximately 7 percent of officers account for approximately \_____________ percent of all citizen complaints.

A. 10
B. 33
C. 50
D. 66

B

approximately \__________ percent of people who have contact with the police in any given year report the actual or threatened use of force?

A. less than 2
B. 5
C. 10
D. 15

A

what pattern does research reveal regarding officers' involvement in use-of-force incidents?

A. use-of-force are almost always racially motivated
B. a small portion of officers amount for a sizable portion of the abuses
C. problem officers tend to be senior officers who are confident their abuses will go unpunished
D. the most significant factor in controlling police brutality

B

what is the term used to describe the officer who will use any means to get the culprit, even if it involves planting evidence on an obviously guilty person who so far has escaped arrest?

A. thin blue-line problem
B. dirty harry problem
C. rambo problem
D. CSI problem

B

a \_____________ occurs when a police officer takes a person into custody or deprives a person of freedom for having allegedly committed a criminal offense.

A. arrest
B. search
C. warrantless search
D. seizure

A

search warrants are typically issues by...

A. the arresting officer
B. the chief of police
C. a judge
D. the prosecuting attorney

C

the evidentiary criterion necessary to sustain an arrest or the issuance of an arrest or search warrant is known as...

A. the hearsay rule
B. in-presence requirement
C. the fruit of the poisonous tree requirement
D. probable cause

D

the situation in which police officers who are suspicious of an individual run their hands lightly over the suspect's outer garments to determine whether the person is carrying a concealed weapon was found constitutional in the court case of...

A. Terry v Ohio (1968)
B. Giever v Heise (1977)
C. Delaware v Prouse (1981)
D. Kent v Bonds (1991)

A

american courts are based upon this type of system which reflects the state's need to retain judicial autonomy separate from the federal government.

A. separate powers system
B. jurisdiction based authority
C. centralized system
D. dual system
E. none of the above

D

this term refers to those cases in which a court may exercise lawful authority.

A. district
B. circuit
C. dual
D. jurisdiction
E. none of the above

D

this is the power to decide all felony cases from capital murder to theft and also to review the decisions from lower courts.

A. general jurisdiction
B. limited jurisdiction
C. appellate jurisdiction
D. specific jurisdiction

A

this is the power to decide misdemeanors and conduct preliminary proceedings in felony cases.

A. general jurisdiction
B. limited jurisdiction
C. appellate jurisdiction
D. specific jurisdiction

B

which are the trial courts of limited jurisdiction?

A. lower courts
B. appellate courts
C. supreme courts
D. felony courts
E. all of the above
F. none of the above

A

which courts conduct pretrial proceedings in felony cases?

A. lower courts
B. felony courts
C. magistrates courts
D. supreme courts
E. all of the above
F. none of the above

A

what created the US Supreme Court?

A. the 8th Amendment
B. the Judiciary Act of 1789
C. the Declaration of Independence
D. the Constitution
E. none of the above

D

a writ of review to the Supreme Court is called...

A. writ of nolle prosequi
B. writ of corpus delicti
C. writ of demurrere
D. writ of certiorari
E. none of the above

D

different states use different missions to select their judges. which is NOT one of the methods listed by your text?

A. popular election
B. mixture of methods
C. merit
D. appointment
E. testing and interviews

E

which role is really the most powerful role in the criminal justice system and why?

A. prosecutors, since they have the ability to decide who is charged with a crime
B. defense attorneys, since they decide who to defend
C. police, since they decide who to arrest
D. judges, since they decide guilt or innocence

C

in Missouri, and other states that use this plan, governors appoint judges, based on their abilities and experience, to fill a short initial term. after it expires, judges have to be elected by popular vote. this is called the \______________ system.

merit

how many states have intermediate and high-level appellate courts (courts of last resorts)?

A. 20
B. 36
C. 39
D. 43
E. 50

C

how many states have Supreme Courts?

A. 20
B. 36
C. 39
D. 43
E. 50

E

which of the following is NOT part of the Federal Court System?

A. US Supreme Court
B. US Courts of Appeals
C. US District Courts
D. US Circuit Courts
E. all of the above

D

how many federal judicial districts are there in the US?

A. 38
B. 50
C. 72
D. 94
E. 100

D

how many US Courts of Appeal are there in the US?

A. 9
B. 12
C. 13
D. 15
E. 25

C

how many justices are there on the US Supreme Court?

A. 8
B. 9
C. 11
D. 13

B

this landmark case formally established the court's power of judicial review.

A. Marbury v Madison
B. Brady v Maryland
C. Gideon v Wainwright
D. in re Gualt
E. Batson v Kentucky
F. McNabb v US

A

in this case, the US Supreme Court held that the prosecution is required to disclose to the defense any exculpatory evidence in its possession that directly or indirectly relates to claims of either guilt or innocence.

A. Marbury v Madison
B. Brady v Maryland
C. Gideon v Wainwright
D. In re Gualt
E. Batson v Kentucky
F. McNabb v US

B

this landmark case extended the right to appointed counsel for indigents in all felony cases.

A. Marbury v Madison
B. Brady v Maryland
C. Gideon v Wainwright
D. In re Gualt
E. Batson v Kentucky
F. Mc Nabb v US

C

this type of attorney is a lawyer drawn from a roster of all practicing attorneys.

A. private
B. court assigned
C. public defender
D. all of the above

B

this category of attorneys are full time salaried government staff

A. private
B. court assigned
C. public defender
D. all of the above

C

in this landmark case, the US Supreme Court extended the right to legal counsel for juveniles charged with a delinquent act

A. Marbury v Madison
B. Brady v Maryland
C. Gideon v Wainwright
D. In re Gualt
E. Batson v Kentucky
F. McNabb v US

D

in this landmark case, the court determined that the defendant has the right to a first appearance "without unnecessary delay"

none of the above

this is the standard time frame for the first appearance.

A. 24 hours
B. 48 hours
C. 72 hours
D. 96 hours

B