BIOL 191L Bacteria & Protists

modes of nutrition

autotroph, heterotroph, saprotrophic

autotroph

ex: cyanobacteria; inorganic materials like sunlight

heterotroph

organic materials

saprotrophic

release digestive enzymes and absorb its nutrients

cytosol

jelly like fluid in cytoplasm

prokaryotes

circular dna, no nucleus = nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles

bacteria cell wall

peptidoglycan

pili

attachment

flagella

locomotion

bacteria shapes

coccus, bacilli, spirilla

gram stain

cell wall chemistry between bacteria and stain

gram +

lots of peptidoglycan, thick, purple, sensitive to penicillin

gram -

less peptidoglycan, thin, pink, resistant to penicillin

Micrococcus luteus

+, coccus

rhodospirillum rubrum

-, spirillum

bacillus megaterium

domain: bacteria, +, bacillus

eukaryotes

linear dna, has nucleus, has membrane bound organelles

protist groups

algae, protozoa, slime molds

algae

plant like autotrophs

protozoa

animal like heterotrophs

slime molds

fungus like heterotrophs, phagocytic

unicellular

live as single cells

colonial

attached but independent

filamentous

chain of cells attached

types of slime molds

cellular and acellular

cellular slime molds

in plasmodium, creates community

acellular slime mold

in plasmodium, forms one big cell

Genus: Physarum

domain: eukarya, group: unicellular slime mold

Myxomycota Physarum

slime mold, motility = cytoplasmic streaming

cytoplasmic streaming

back and forth motion

Genus: Amoeba

domain: eukarya, group: protozoa, motility = pseudopodia, phagocytosis, gram -

Paramecium

Genus: Paramecium

domain: eukarya, group: protozoa, motility = cilia, purple

Euglena

Genus: Euglena

domain: eukarya, group: protozoa, unicellular, motility = flagella, chloroplasts, mixotrophic, has pellicle instead of cell wall

mixotrophic

switch between autotrophic and heterotrophic

why green algae is the ancestor

cell differentiation and appearance of sexual reproduction

types of sexual reproduction in green algae

isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy

isogamy

female and male the same, motile

heterogamy

motile male and female but female is bigger

oogamy

male is small and motile, female is big and non motile

Volvox

Spirogyra

Genus: Spirogyra

domain: eukarya, group: algae, motility = no, isogamous

Genus: Volvox

domain: eukarya, group: algae, motility = flagella, oogamous