Cell Cycle and Mitosis Phases Explained

Interphase

The longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. It consists of three sub-phases: G1, S, and G2.

G1 (Gap 1)

The cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

S (Synthesis)

DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.

G2 (Gap 2)

The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis by producing necessary proteins and organelles.

Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

The cell membrane pinches inward to form two cells (cleavage furrow).

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

A cell plate forms and eventually becomes the cell wall.

Identifying Cytokinesis

The cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells.

Prophase

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form.

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase

Two new nuclei form, chromosomes decondense back into chromatin, and the spindle fibers break down.

Cytokinesis

division of a cell's cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells.