SE Asian Religions VOCAB

ramayana, mahabarata

2 hindu epics

anatta

no self, buddhist doctrine, no soul or permanent essence

bhagava gita

section of mahabarata

anicca

impermanence, buddhist reality where nothing is permanent

karma

effects of actions on a person’s soul

jina

conqueror, jainist perfected person, no longer reborn,

victory over all cravings and attachment

dharma

religious, moral duties

guru nanak

founder of sikhism

samsara

cycle of rebirth

adi granth / guru granth sahib

sikhist sacred writings, central authority

advaita vedanta

hindu philosophy school

ascetic

life of self denial and contemplation

moksha

liberation from samsara

true name

sikh god

atman

hinduisms real self

nirvana

buddhist enlightenment, spiritual bliss, nothingness

margas

karma (action), Jnana (knowledge), bhakti (devotion)

jiva

jain soul, by nature blissful / eternal

maya

illusion, the veil of falsehood

ahimsa

non violence, jainism reverence for life

vedas

knowledge, eraliest sacred text during indus valley

mahavira

founded jainism (extreme ascetic)

puranas

old tales about deities, important after vetic age, devotional

ajiva

matter, jainism, evil karmic

trimutri

3 forms of divine: Brahma (creater), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)

guru

teacher, spiritual guide

laws of manu

rules + regulations of hindu caste system

brahman

eternal essence of reality/source of universe (hinduism)

avatars

incarnations of gods

brahmin

highest of the classes (priests), in caste system

sanskrit

ancient language of india

upanishad

final book of vedas (describes brahman + atman)

8 fold truth

belief/understanding (wisdom), apsiration/intention (wisdom), speech (morals), conduct (morals), livelihood (morals), endure/effort (discipline), mindfullness (discipline), meditation/concentration (discipline)

sufism

god saturates all reality

gurudwaras

houses of worship, offers food for anyone, contains copy of guru granth sahib

process of syncretising

hindu bhakti devotionalism with muslim sufi mysticism (path of love to god + adoptive of divine)

tirthankara

one who crosses the river

4 noble truths

buddhist that contains 8 fold path in last truth

1st noble truth of buddhism

problem = life is suffering, suffering is unavoidable (dukkha)

2nd noble truth of buddhism

cuase = suffering comes from cravings / desires, we suffer bc we crave and then become attached to things that dont matter (samudaya)

3rd noble truth of buddhism

end = extinction of craving (nirvana), truth of the end of suffering (nirodha)

4th noble truth of buddhism

means = 8 fold path, youre on your own, work out your own liberation, the truth of the path to ending of suffering (magga)

thervada

branch of buddhism, early buddhism, india + se asia, conservative

mahayana

branch of buddhism, 100BC, china + west, large raft

vajrayana

branch of buddhism, AD600s, tibet + mongolia, esoteric

perennialism

we are all on the same mountain

pluralism

every mountain is equally true

inclusivism

you are climbing my mountain

exclusivism

only one mountain is worth climbing

particularism

respect separate mountain particulars

hare krishna

monotheistic movement, avatar of vishnu

mother religion of all 3 south east asiand religions

hinduism