Quantitative Design/Statistics Vocabulary (Topic 3)

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from Psychology 1A Week 2 lecture on Research Designs.

Quantitative Research

Measuring and statistical tests on hypotheses to quantify data.

Correlational Research

Research that predicts behavior through surveys and experiments.

Experimental Research

Research focused on establishing causal relationships through controlled experiments.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistics used to summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset.

Inferential Statistics

Statistics used to draw conclusions and make inferences based on a sample of data.

Mean

A measure of central tendency calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values.

Median

A measure of central tendency representing the middle value in a dataset when ordered from least to greatest.

Mode

A measure of central tendency representing the most frequently occurring value in a dataset.

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of data values around the mean.

Correlation

A statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables are related.

Positive Correlation

Indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

Negative Correlation

Indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

No Correlation

Indicates that there is no relationship between two variables.

Correlation Coefficient

A numerical value (r) that indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

Null Hypothesis

A statement of no effect or no difference; the hypothesis that researchers try to disprove.

P-Value

The probability of obtaining results as extreme as, or more extreme than, the observed results if the null hypothesis is true.