intro to psych final - Dr. Bright (GCC)

begins with vocab for chp 14-18, includes names and other vocab he told us to study

how do you minimize a stigma?

by seeing someone first as a person, but secondly as someone with a disorder

comorbidity def

meeting criteria for more than one mental disorder

psychopathology def

study of mental, emotional, and behavior disorders

maladaptive def

when a mental disorder causes significant disruption and distress

example of maladaptiveness

too much depression may keep you from completing assignments and day-to-day activities

DSM

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of mental disorders)

what causes mental disorders?

biological and/or psychosocial factors

schizophrenia def

chronic serious mental illness causing disordered cognitions and behaviors

5 symptoms of schizophrenia

psychotic symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, catatonia

delusions of schizophrenia (3)

persecution, influence, erotomanic

what does the persecution delusion of schizophrenia make others believe

“everyone’s out to get me” OR “people are trying to poison my food"!”

what does the influence delusion of schizophrenia make others believe

someone is putting those thoughts into their head (i.e. GOD)

what does the erotomanic delusion of schizophrenia make others believe

“i am destined to be with this person”

most common form of hallucinations

voices and visuals

leading cause of schizophrenia

stress and vulnerability

3 mood disorders we discussed

depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and bipolar

depression def

extreme and prolonged sadness / hopelessness

biopsychosocial

looking at the whole person to determine why something happened (not just one thing)

suicide phone number

988

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

depression during certain seasons

job of phototherapy

regulate circadian rhythms and melatonin

bipolar disorder

mood swings between depression and mania

3 types of anxiety disorders

generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, panic disorder / attack

generalized anxiety disorder

patient has 3+ symptoms for >6 months

specific phobia

excessive and irrational fear of usually 2+ things (more common in females)

panic disorder / attack

sudden physiological distress with no identifiable trigger

trigger for a panic attack (usually)

agoraphobia

post-traumatic stress disorder

flashbacks and more common in women

obsessive compulsive disorder

recurrent disturbing thoughts compelling you to act repeatedly to decrease anxiety

dissociative identity disorder / multiple personality disorder

one person possesses 2+ distinct personalities

antisocial personality disorder (PD)

lack empathy, manipulative, under-aroused, seeks stimulusex

example of antisocial PD

adhd. can lead to juvie, then to apd, then to prison

borderline PD

affective instability, lack a strong sense of self and self-control

psychoanalysis

free association and resistance: YOU TALK, they listen

dream analysis

reveals unconscious messages during therapy

behavior therapy

one person on couch and one on chair (larry the cucumber)

aversion therapy

uses classical conditioning to link a bad habit with discomfort

example of aversion therapy

to stop biting nails, paint them so they taste bad when you bite them

systematic desentization

rank a list of fears, relax, and work through them

reciprocal inhibition

you can’t be both anxious and relaxed

VR exposure or vicarious desensitization

something to distract from a fear

example of VR exposure

fear of roller coasters: ride a slow ride, but progressively increase

operant therapy

no reward = extinction

example of operant therapy

sticker chart to get people to do the right thing, when they do, they get a prize

2 types of humanistic therapies

client centered and existential

client centered humanistic theory

facing client during therapy, genuine empathy

existential therapy

therapy based on choice and personal responsibility

cognitive therapy

seek to change disordered thinking

all-or-nothing thinking

believing one event applies to all (this is BAD!)

key to psychotherapy success

therapeutic alliance

therapeutic alliance

rooted in active listening, empathy, reflection of feelings, etc

example of therapeutic alliance

AA meetings and sponsors

tardive dyskinesia

longterm antipsychotic drug usage

reference group

someone you want to be like

cognitive dissonance

clashing attitudes, behaviors

example of cognitive dissonance

healthy person eats LOTS of desserts

proxemics

personal space and culture govern how close is comfortable for interactions of individuals

social loafing

being part of a group reduces individual effort

group sanctions

rewards given by a group to control behavior

group think

emphasis on loyalty to group does not allow people to say what they really think

excommunication

blocking or unfriending someone when they don’t conform to your ideas

brainwashing

coercive attitude change involving environmental control, isolation, manipulation, and abuse

coersive

against your will

% of childhood attachments (3)

65% secure, 25% avoidant, 10% ambivalent / anxious

T or F: childhood attachment affects adulthood relationships

TRUE

secure childhood attachment leads to…

trusting, longer relationships

avoidant childhood attachment leads to…

skepticality, noncommittal, fears

ambivalent/anxious childhood attachment leads to…

anxiety, jealousy, borderline personality disorder, questioning

evolutionary psychology / mate selection

men seek youth & beauty, women seek maturity & $$

bystander effect

everyone assumes someone else will help out

when are you more likely to help someone

when you’re empathetic towards them

men vs women: helping others

men: more daring, women: more relational

industrial organizational (IO) psychologists

enhance workplace culture, emphasize job satisfaction

job analysis

vocational interest tests, structured interviewing

example of job analysis

myers briggs test, ASVAB

job satisfaction examples

flex-time, sincere gratitude, intrinsic motivation, shared decision making

theory X vs theory Y

X = tight control, no development

Y= giving responsibility, control

example of theory Y

facing the giants scene

environmental psychology

social and physical environments effect behavior

example of environmental psychology

noise and light pollution

attentional overload / social numbing

people enter social dilemmas with individual/immediate needs

forensic psychology

influences behavior- jury, witness, etc. in law enforcement

what leads to peak performance

flow (fully focused) experience (like the meme)

teratogen

environmental factors that cause congenital problems (usually with childbirth)

example of teratogen

alcohol, smoking, drugs, health problems (diabetes)

sleep disorders (4)

narcolepsy, apnea, night terrors, insomnia

narcolepsy

fall asleep suddenly / unexpectedly

apnea

breathing frequently stops and lightly wakes you up

negative of apnea

can lead to sudden infant death syndrome in babies

night terrors

stage 4 total panic; wake up with little memory of why

insomnia

difficulty falling / staying asleep

causes of insomnia

poor diet, screens

brain scanning procedures (4)

MRI, PET scan, EEG, CT scan

MRI

3D image of brain using strong magnetic field

PET scan

shows glucose consumption to identify active parts of brain

EEG

measures electrical activity on brain surface

CT scan

reveals effects of strokes, tumors, traumatic brain injuries

label: F

lens

label: B

iris