organic chemistry non mechanism reactions

carboxylic acid reaction with carbonates

carboxylic acid reaction with carbonates

form a salt CO2 and H2O

e.g. RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + H2O+ CO2

e.g 2RCOOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

esterification

alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce ester and water H+ from strong acid catalyses reaction. reaction is reversable

acidic hydrolysis of an ester

reversible reaction using H+ ion from strong acidic catalyst. reflux.

ester + water → carboxylic acid + alcohol

base hydrolysis of ester

ester + OH- (from base) → carboxylate ion and alcohol. reaction is in reflux

production of NO2+ (for nitration mechanism)

HNO₃ +H₂SO₄ → HSO₄^- + NO_{2 ⁺} + H2O

production of RC⁺=O

RC=OCl is a weak electrophile

AlCl₃ accepts -Cl forming AlCl₄

R-C⁺=O also formed