joyner primary source quiz 3

What was the main goal of The Federalist Papers?

To convince Americans that the Constitution would protect liberty, not endanger it.

According to Madison in Federalist No. 51, what is the best way to maintain separation of powers?

By giving each department constitutional and personal motives to resist encroachments by others—'ambition must be made to counteract ambition.'

What does Madison mean by a 'compound republic'?

Power is divided between national and state governments, and further among separate branches—creating a 'double security' for citizens’ rights.

How does Madison argue that a large republic promotes liberty?

A large republic has many interests and factions, making it harder for any one group to dominate and oppress others.

What does James Winthrop (Agrippa) argue against in his Anti-Federalist writings?

He argues against a large, centralized government and for the necessity of local self-rule.

Why did Anti-Federalists believe a Bill of Rights was necessary?

To protect individuals and minorities from the tyranny of the majority and from abuses by the new federal government.

How does Winthrop describe the problem with 'one code of laws' for all states?

He says it’s impossible because of differences in climate, habits, and interests between regions like Georgia and Massachusetts.

What reasons does Washington give for declining a third term?

He was tired and wanted to set a precedent for peaceful transfer of power.

What did Washington say about national unity?

He called the Union the 'main pillar' of America’s independence, liberty, and prosperity.

Why did Washington warn against political parties?

He believed they would divide the nation, cause jealousy, and invite foreign influence.

What was Washington’s advice about foreign alliances?

Avoid 'permanent alliances' and entanglements in European conflicts; maintain independence in foreign policy.

What did Washington say was the duty of citizens toward their government?

To respect its authority, comply with its laws, and support it until changed lawfully.

What danger did Washington associate with excessive attachment to foreign nations?

It could lead to corruption and loss of independence.

What did Washington leave to his wife, Martha?

The use and profit of his entire estate during her lifetime, plus her own property.

What was Washington’s policy regarding his enslaved people?

He ordered all the slaves he personally owned to be freed after Martha’s death.

Why didn’t Washington free them during Martha’s lifetime?

Many were intermarried with 'dower slaves' that legally belonged to the Custis estate, not him.

What provisions did Washington make for elderly or young freed people?

The elderly were to be cared for, and orphaned children were to be taught to read, write, and learn trades.

Which individual did Washington free immediately and grant an annuity?

His longtime servant William Lee, who was disabled from injury.

Who authored the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

James Madison (Virginia) and Thomas Jefferson (Kentucky).

What law did these Resolutions protest?

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798.

What did Madison claim in the Virginia Resolution?

The federal government had exercised powers not granted by the Constitution and violated free speech rights.

What did Jefferson claim in the Kentucky Resolution?

States have the right to nullify unconstitutional federal laws.

What principle did both Resolutions emphasize about the Union?

That the federal government’s powers come from a compact among sovereign states.

How did these Resolutions influence later American politics?

They became a foundation for states’ rights arguments, influencing later debates like the Nullification Crisis.