Sleep and Sensation: Ap psychology

What is REM sleep? Paradoxical sleep?

-rapid eye movement; sleep stage where dreams commonly occur

- aka paradoxical sleep because muscles are relaxed and other systems are active

EEG (electroencephalogram)

- tool that measures brain waves

-used in sleep studies and to diagnose sleep disorders

circadian rhythm

(biological clock) regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

what can disrupt a circadian rhythm

-jet lag

-Unhealthy sleep habits

-Alcohol use.

-chronic caffeine use.

2 theories of why we sleep

1. restoration and memory consolidation

2 theories of why we dream

1. activation synthesis theory

2. consolidation theory

what is activation synthesis theory

brains making sense of neural activity

consolidation theory

sifting through daily activities < storing, moving, in longterm memory

narcolepsy

sleep attacks

sleep apnea

temporary stopped breathing during sleep

insomnia

difficulty or inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, lasting a couple weeks or longer

what is sensation

sensory receptors and nervous system receive and show stimulus energy from the environment

how does transduction work?

messages turned into neural impulses our brain interprets

absolute threshold

the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

noticeable difference

or difference threshold; the minimum difference a person can detect half of the time

Weber's Law

the larger or stronger a stimulus, the large the change required for a person to notice anything has happened to it

sensory adaptation

sensitivity diminishes as a consequence of constant stimulation

sensory interaction

the principle that one sense can influence another

2 theories on how we process vision

Trichromatic theory

Opponent process theory

How does the frequency of sound waves work?

waves vibrate off eardrum then transmitted to the cochlea

place theory

links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated

frequency theory

states that the rate of the nerve impulses = tone frequency enabling sensibility

sound localization

sound strikes one ear sooner and more intense than the other ear

2 types of hearing loss

-Sensorineural hearing loss(more common) : damage to cochlea's receptors of auditory

-Conduction hearing loss ( less common) : damage to mechanical system connecting sound waves

match brain waves to awake or sleep stages

Stage 1 - ?

stage 2-?

stage 3 : ?

1- alpha

2-theta

3-delta